FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 344:30-37 January 4, 2001 Number 1 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF Purchase this article Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic eczema are among the commonest causes of chronic ill health. These diseases are increasing in prevalence, and they add considerably to the burden of health care costs. In Sweden, for example, the number of children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or eczema roughly doubled over a 12-year period,¹ and in the United States the annual cost of treating asthma is about $6 billion.²

The term "allergy" was introduced in 1906 by von Pirquet, who recognized that in both protective immunity and hypersensitivity reactions, antigens had induced changes in reactivity.³ With the passage of time the word . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Atopy and Type 2 Helper T Cells

Rising Incidence of Allergic Disease

Allergens

Genetics

IgE and Its Receptors

Allergic Inflammation

Source Information

From the Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London.

References

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Hothersall, E J, Chaudhuri, R, McSharry, C, Donnelly, I, Lafferty, J, McMahon, A D, Weir, C J, Meiklejohn, J, Sattar, N, McInnes, I, Wood, S, Thomson, N C (2008). Effects of atorvastatin added to inhaled corticosteroids on lung function and sputum cell counts in atopic asthma. Thorax 63: 1070-1075 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, J. H., Kim, J. W., Ko, N. Y., Mun, S. H., Kim, D. K., Kim, J. D., Won, H. S., Shin, H. S., Kim, H. S., Her, E., Kim, Y. M., Choi, W. S. (2008). Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Response Is Suppressed by Sophorae Flos: Inhibition of Src-Family Kinase. Exp. Biol. Med. 233: 1271-1279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gilchrist, M., Henderson, W. R. Jr., Clark, A. E., Simmons, R. M., Ye, X., Smith, K. D., Aderem, A. (2008). Activating transcription factor 3 is a negative regulator of allergic pulmonary inflammation. JEM 205: 2349-2357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paltiel, M., Gober, L. M., Deng, A., Mikdashi, J., Alexeeva, I., Saini, S. S., Gaspari, A. A. (2008). Immediate Type I Hypersensitivity Response Implicated in Worsening Injection Site Reactions to Adalimumab. Arch Dermatol 144: 1190-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ble, F.-X., Cannet, C., Zurbruegg, S., Karmouty-Quintana, H., Bergmann, R., Frossard, N., Trifilieff, A., Beckmann, N. (2008). Allergen-induced Lung Inflammation in Actively Sensitized Mice Assessed with MR Imaging. Radiology 248: 834-843 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Santoni, D., Pedicini, M., Castiglione, F. (2008). Implementation of a regulatory gene network to simulate the TH1/2 differentiation in an agent-based model of hypersensitivity reactions. Bioinformatics 24: 1374-1380 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Verdino, P., Barderas, R., Villalba, M., Westritschnig, K., Valenta, R., Rodriguez, R., Keller, W. (2008). Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens. J. Immunol. 180: 2313-2321 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matsuda, A., Fukuda, S., Matsumoto, K., Saito, H. (2008). Th1/Th2 Cytokines Reciprocally Regulate In Vitro Pulmonary Angiogenesis via CXC Chemokine Synthesis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 38: 168-175 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ashino, S., Wakita, D., Zhang, Y., Chamoto, K., Kitamura, H., Nishimura, T. (2008). CpG-ODN inhibits airway inflammation at effector phase through down-regulation of antigen-specific Th2-cell migration into lung. Int Immunol 20: 259-266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levy, J. H., Adkinson, N. F. Jr (2008). Anaphylaxis During Cardiac Surgery: Implications for Clinicians. Anesth. Analg. 106: 392-403 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lim, B. O., Lee, J. H., Ko, N. Y., Mun, S. H., Kim, J. W., Kim, D. K., Kim, J. D., Kim, B. K., Kim, H. S., Her, E., Lee, H. Y., Choi, W. S. (2007). Polygoni Cuspidati Radix Inhibits the Activation of Syk Kinase in Mast Cells for Antiallergic Activity. Exp. Biol. Med. 232: 1425-1431 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Westritschnig, K., Linhart, B., Focke-Tejkl, M., Pavkov, T., Keller, W., Ball, T., Mari, A., Hartl, A., Stocklinger, A., Scheiblhofer, S., Thalhamer, J., Ferreira, F., Vieths, S., Vogel, L., Bohm, A., Valent, P., Valenta, R. (2007). A Hypoallergenic Vaccine Obtained by Tail-to-Head Restructuring of Timothy Grass Pollen Profilin, Phl p 12, for the Treatment of Cross-Sensitization to Profilin. J. Immunol. 179: 7624-7634 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koncz, A., Pasztoi, M., Mazan, M., Fazakas, F., Buzas, E., Falus, A., Nagy, G. (2007). Nitric Oxide Mediates T Cell Cytokine Production and Signal Transduction in Histidine Decarboxylase Knockout Mice. J. Immunol. 179: 6613-6619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Larche, M. (2007). Regulatory T Cells in Allergy and Asthma. Chest 132: 1007-1014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Henderson, W. R. Jr., Chi, E. Y., Bollinger, J. G., Tien, Y.-t., Ye, X., Castelli, L., Rubtsov, Y. P., Singer, A. G., Chiang, G. K.S., Nevalainen, T., Rudensky, A. Y., Gelb, M. H. (2007). Importance of group X-secreted phospholipase A2 in allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse asthma model. JEM 204: 865-877 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vijayanand, P., Seumois, G., Pickard, C., Powell, R. M., Angco, G., Sammut, D., Gadola, S. D., Friedmann, P. S., Djukanovic, R. (2007). Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. NEJM 356: 1410-1422 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harada, M., Nakashima, K., Hirota, T., Shimizu, M., Doi, S., Fujita, K., Shirakawa, T., Enomoto, T., Yoshikawa, M., Moriyama, H., Matsumoto, K., Saito, H., Suzuki, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tamari, M. (2007). Functional Polymorphism in the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Gene Associated with Adult Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 36: 491-496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Beaty, S. R., Rose, C. E. Jr., Sung, S.-s. J. (2007). Diverse and Potent Chemokine Production by Lung CD11bhigh Dendritic Cells in Homeostasis and in Allergic Lung Inflammation. J. Immunol. 178: 1882-1895 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2006). Poster presentations. Thorax 61: ii57-ii133 [Full Text]  
• Liang, X.-D., Shi, H.-Z., Qin, X.-J., Deng, J.-M. (2006). Increase in Concentration of Soluble CD86 After Segmental Allergen Challenge in Patients With Allergic Asthma.. Chest 130: 1048-1054 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kirtsreesakul, V., Luxameechanporn, T., Klemens, J. J., Thompson, K., Naclerio, R. M. (2006). Effect of genetic background on the response to bacterial sinusitis in mice.. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132: 1102-1108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bachelet, I., Munitz, A., Mankutad, D., Levi-Schaffer, F. (2006). Mast Cell Costimulation by CD226/CD112 (DNAM-1/Nectin-2): A NOVEL INTERFACE IN THE ALLERGIC PROCESS. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 27190-27196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holtzman, M. J., Battaile, J. T., Patel, A. C. (2006). Immunogenetic Programs for Viral Induction of Mucous Cell Metaplasia. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 29-39 [Full Text]  
• Schaeffer, L., Gohlke, H., Muller, M., Heid, I. M., Palmer, L. J., Kompauer, I., Demmelmair, H., Illig, T., Koletzko, B., Heinrich, J. (2006). Common genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and their reconstructed haplotypes are associated with the fatty acid composition in phospholipids. Hum Mol Genet 15: 1745-1756 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nadai, P. d., Charbonnier, A.-S., Chenivesse, C., Senechal, S., Fournier, C., Gilet, J., Vorng, H., Chang, Y., Gosset, P., Wallaert, B., Tonnel, A.-B., Lassalle, P., Tsicopoulos, A. (2006). Involvement of CCL18 in Allergic Asthma. J. Immunol. 176: 6286-6293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kinnunen, T., Kwok, W. W., Narvanen, A., Rytkonen-Nissinen, M., Immonen, A., Saarelainen, S., Taivainen, A., Virtanen, T. (2005). Immunomodulatory potential of heteroclitic analogs of the dominant T-cell epitope of lipocalin allergen Bos d 2 on specific T cells. Int Immunol 17: 1573-1581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Howarth, P H, Babu, K S, Arshad, H S, Lau, L, Buckley, M, McConnell, W, Beckett, P, Al Ali, M, Chauhan, A, Wilson, S J, Reynolds, A, Davies, D E, Holgate, S T (2005). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF{alpha}) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma. Thorax 60: 1012-1018 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holtzman, M. J., Tyner, J. W., Kim, E. Y., Lo, M. S., Patel, A. C., Shornick, L. P., Agapov, E., Zhang, Y. (2005). Acute and Chronic Airway Responses to Viral Infection: Implications for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2: 132-140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peek, E. J., Richards, D. F., Faith, A., Lavender, P., Lee, T. H., Corrigan, C. J., Hawrylowicz, C. M. (2005). Interleukin-10-Secreting "Regulatory" T Cells Induced by Glucocorticoids and {beta}2-Agonists. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 33: 105-111 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meissner, N. N., Swain, S., Tighe, M., Harmsen, A., Harmsen, A. (2005). Role of Type I IFNs in Pulmonary Complications of Pneumocystis murina Infection. J. Immunol. 174: 5462-5471 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grulich, A. E., Vajdic, C. M., Kaldor, J. M., Hughes, A. M., Kricker, A., Fritschi, L., Turner, J. J., Milliken, S., Benke, G., Armstrong, B. K. (2005). Birth Order, Atopy, and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 97: 587-594 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Busse, W., Kraft, M. (2005). Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Allergic Inflammation: Strategic Target for Therapy. Chest 127: 1312-1326 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Russell, W. J. (2005). Anaphylaxis Is Not a Dose/Response Effect. Anesth. Analg. 100: 597-598 [Full Text]  
• Gripenback, S., Lundgren, L., Eklund, A., Liden, C., Skare, L., Tornling, G., Grunewald, J. (2005). Accumulation of eosinophils and T-lymphocytes in the lungs after exposure to pinewood dust. Eur Respir J 25: 118-124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hashimoto, K., Sheller, J. R., Morrow, J. D., Collins, R. D., Goleniewska, K., O'Neal, J., Zhou, W., Ji, S., Mitchell, D. B., Graham, B. S., Peebles, R. S. Jr (2005). Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Augments Allergic Inflammation through CD4-Dependent, STAT6-Independent Mechanisms. J. Immunol. 174: 525-532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Agrawal, N., Bettegowda, C., Cheong, I., Geschwind, J.-F., Drake, C. G., Hipkiss, E. L., Tatsumi, M., Dang, L. H., Diaz, L. A. Jr., Pomper, M., Abusedera, M., Wahl, R. L., Kinzler, K. W., Zhou, S., Huso, D. L., Vogelstein, B. (2004). Bacteriolytic therapy can generate a potent immune response against experimental tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 15172-15177 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, C.-C., Liao, J.-W., Kang, J.-J. (2004). Motorcycle Exhaust Particles Induce Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in BALB/C Mice. Toxicol Sci 79: 326-334 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mazzoni, A., Segal, D. M. (2004). Controlling the Toll road to dendritic cell polarization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 721-730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dellavalle, R. P., Hester, E. J., Stegner, D. L., Deas, A. M., Pacheco, T. R., Mokrohisky, S., Morelli, J. G., Crane, L. A. (2004). Is High Mole Count a Marker of More Than Melanoma Risk?: Eczema Diagnosis Is Associated With Melanocytic Nevi in Children. Arch Dermatol 140: 577-580 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Castro, M., Bloch, S. R., Jenkerson, M. V., DeMartino, S., Hamilos, D. L., Cochran, R. B., Zhang, X. E. L., Wang, H., Bradley, J. P., Schechtman, K. B., Holtzman, M. J. (2004). Asthma Exacerbations after Glucocorticoid Withdrawal Reflects T Cell Recruitment to the Airway. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169: 842-849 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zmirou, D, Gauvin, S, Pin, I, Momas, I, Sahraoui, F, Just, J, Le Moullec, Y, Bremont, F, Cassadou, S, Reungoat, P, Albertini, M, Lauvergne, N, Chiron, M, Labbe, A (2004). Traffic related air pollution and incidence of childhood asthma: results of the Vesta case-control study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 58: 18-23 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nutku, E., Aizawa, H., Hudson, S. A., Bochner, B. S. (2003). Ligation of Siglec-8: a selective mechanism for induction of human eosinophil apoptosis. Blood 101: 5014-5020 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farraj, A. K., Harkema, J. R., Jan, T.-R., Kaminski, N. E. (2003). Immune Responses in the Lung and Local Lymph Node of A/J Mice to Intranasal Sensitization and Challenge with Adjuvant-Free Ovalbumin. Toxicol Pathol 31: 432-447 [Abstract]  
• KUNZMANN, S., MANTEL, P.-Y., WOHLFAHRT, J. G., AKDIS, M., BLASER, K., SCHMIDT-WEBER, C. B. (2003). Histamine enhances TGF-{beta}1-mediated suppression of Th2 responses. FASEB J. 17: 1089-1095 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hardy, C. L., Kenins, L., Drew, A. C., Rolland, J. M., O'Hehir, R. E. (2003). Characterization of a Mouse Model of Allergy to a Major Occupational Latex Glove Allergen Hev b 5. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167: 1393-1399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gilliet, M., Soumelis, V., Watanabe, N., Hanabuchi, S., Antonenko, S., de Waal-Malefyt, R., Liu, Y.-J. (2003). Human Dendritic Cells Activated by TSLP and CD40L Induce Proallergic Cytotoxic T Cells. JEM 197: 1059-1063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Offit, P. A., Hackett, C. J. (2003). Addressing Parents' Concerns: Do Vaccines Cause Allergic or Autoimmune Diseases?. Pediatrics 111: 653-659 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levy, J. H., Tanaka, K. A. (2003). Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 75: S715-720 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Overbergh, L., Decallonne, B., Branisteanu, D. D., Valckx, D., Kasran, A., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C. (2003). Acute Shock Induced by Antigen Vaccination in NOD Mice. Diabetes 52: 335-341 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milgrom, H (2003). Is there a role for treatment of asthma with omalizumab?. Arch. Dis. Child. 88: 71-74 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Suto, A., Nakajima, H., Hirose, K., Suzuki, K., Kagami, S.-i., Seto, Y., Hoshimoto, A., Saito, Y., Foster, D. C., Iwamoto, I. (2002). Interleukin 21 prevents antigen-induced IgE production by inhibiting germ line Cepsilon transcription of IL-4-stimulated B cells. Blood 100: 4565-4573 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cole Johnson, C., Ownby, D. R., Zoratti, E. M., Hensley Alford, S., Williams, L. K., Joseph, C. L. M. (2002). Environmental Epidemiology of Pediatric Asthma and Allergy. Epidemiol Rev 24: 154-175 [Full Text]  
• Rudwaleit, M, Andermann, B, Alten, R, Sorensen, H, Listing, J, Zink, A, Sieper, J, Braun, J (2002). Atopic disorders in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 61: 968-974 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schmidt, D.T., Dent, G., Ruhlmann, E., Munoz, N.M., Leff, A.R., Rabe, K.F. (2002). Studying human airway pharmacology in microsections: application of videomicrometry. Eur Respir J 19: 991-996 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perez-G., M., Melo, M., Keegan, A. D., Zamorano, J. (2002). Aspirin and Salicylates Inhibit the IL-4- and IL-13-Induced Activation of STAT6. J. Immunol. 168: 1428-1434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deurloo, D. T., van Esch, B. C.A.M., Hofstra, C. L., Nijkamp, F. P., van Oosterhout, A. J.M. (2001). CTLA4-IgG Reverses Asthma Manifestations in a Mild but Not in a More ""Severe"" Ongoing Murine Model. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 25: 751-760 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Werth, V. P., Levinson, A. I. (2001). Etanercept-Induced Injection Site Reactions: Mechanistic Insights From Clinical Findings and Immunohistochemistry. Arch Dermatol 137: 953-955 [Full Text]  
• Marinkovich, V. A., Kay, A.B. (2001). Allergy and IgE Antibodies. NEJM 344: 1332-1333 [Full Text]