FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Volume 345:851-860 September 20, 2001 Number 12 Next

	Full Text PDF Editorial by Hostetter, T. H. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background It is unknown whether either the angiotensin-II–receptor blocker irbesartan or the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of its capacity to lower the systemic blood pressure.

Methods We randomly assigned 1715 hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes to treatment with irbesartan (300 mg daily), amlodipine (10 mg daily), or placebo. The target blood pressure was 135/85 mm Hg or less in all groups. We compared the groups with regard to the time to the primary composite end point of a doubling of the base-line serum creatinine concentration, the development of end-stage renal disease, or death from any cause. We also compared them with regard to the time to a secondary, cardiovascular composite end point.

Results The mean duration of follow-up was 2.6 years. Treatment with irbesartan was associated with a risk of the primary composite end point that was 20 percent lower than that in the placebo group (P=0.02) and 23 percent lower than that in the amlodipine group (P=0.006). The risk of a doubling of the serum creatinine concentration was 33 percent lower in the irbesartan group than in the placebo group (P=0.003) and 37 percent lower in the irbesartan group than in the amlodipine group (P<0.001). Treatment with irbesartan was associated with a relative risk of end-stage renal disease that was 23 percent lower than that in both other groups (P=0.07 for both comparisons). These differences were not explained by differences in the blood pressures that were achieved. The serum creatinine concentration increased 24 percent more slowly in the irbesartan group than in the placebo group (P=0.008) and 21 percent more slowly than in the amlodipine group (P=0.02). There were no significant differences in the rates of death from any cause or in the cardiovascular composite end point.

Conclusions The angiotensin-II–receptor blocker irbesartan is effective in protecting against the progression of nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. This protection is independent of the reduction in blood pressure it causes.

Source Information

From the Department of Medicine, Rush–Presbyterian–St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago (E.J.L., R.R.); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine (L.G.H.), and the Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health (W.R.C.), Iowa City; the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver (T.B.); the Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (M.A.P.); the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (J.B.L.); the Department of Medicine, Ruperto Carola University, Heidelberg, Germany (E.R.); the Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Center, Melbourne, Australia (R.C.A.); and the Department of Medicine, Hadassah University, Jerusalem, Israel (I.R.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Edmund J. Lewis at Rush–Presbyterian–St. Luke's Medical Center, 1650 W. Harrison, Suite 515 RA, Chicago, IL 60612.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Haynes, R., Mason, P., Rahimi, K., Landray, M. J. (2009). Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: are two better than one?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 3602-3607 [Full Text]  
• Teo, K. K. (2009). Clinical evidence from ONTARGET: proven cardio- and vascular protection. Eur Heart J Suppl 11: F9-F15 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dobre, D., Lambers Heerspink, H. J., de Zeeuw, D. (2009). Reducing cardiovascular risk: protecting the kidney. Eur Heart J Suppl 11: F39-F46 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pfeffer, M. A., Burdmann, E. A., Chen, C.-Y., Cooper, M. E., de Zeeuw, D., Eckardt, K.-U., Feyzi, J. M., Ivanovich, P., Kewalramani, R., Levey, A. S., Lewis, E. F., McGill, J. B., McMurray, J. J.V., Parfrey, P., Parving, H.-H., Remuzzi, G., Singh, A. K., Solomon, S. D., Toto, R., the TREAT Investigators, (2009). A Trial of Darbepoetin Alfa in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. NEJM 361: 2019-2032 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ishizawa, K., Izawa-Ishizawa, Y., Dorjsuren, N., Miki, E., Kihira, Y., Ikeda, Y., Hamano, S., Kawazoe, K., Minakuchi, K., Tomita, S., Tsuchiya, K., Tamaki, T. (2009). Angiotensin II receptor blocker attenuates PDGF-induced mesangial cell migration in a receptor-independent manner. Nephrol Dial Transplant 0: gfp520v2-gfp520 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Philipp, T., Martinez, F., Geiger, H., Moulin, B., Mourad, G., Schmieder, R., Lievre, M., Heemann, U., Legendre, C. (2009). Candesartan improves blood pressure control and reduces proteinuria in renal transplant recipients: results from SECRET. Nephrol Dial Transplant 0: gfp581v1-gfp581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ravid, M. (2009). Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care 32: S410-S413 [Full Text]  
• Gagliardini, E., Corna, D., Zoja, C., Sangalli, F., Carrara, F., Rossi, M., Conti, S., Rottoli, D., Longaretti, L., Remuzzi, A., Remuzzi, G., Benigni, A. (2009). Unlike each drug alone, lisinopril if combined with avosentan promotes regression of renal lesions in experimental diabetes. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 297: F1448-F1456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Postma, M. J., de Zeeuw, D. (2009). The economic benefits of preventing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 2975-2983 [Full Text]  
• Persson, F., Rossing, P., Reinhard, H., Juhl, T., Stehouwer, C. D.A., Schalkwijk, C., Danser, A.H. J., Boomsma, F., Frandsen, E., Parving, H.-H. (2009). Renal Effects of Aliskiren Compared With and in Combination With Irbesartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and Albuminuria. Diabetes Care 32: 1873-1879 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jain, G., Campbell, R. C., Warnock, D. G. (2009). Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers and Chronic Kidney Disease. CJASN 4: 1685-1691 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Delea, T. E., Sofrygin, O., Palmer, J. L., Lau, H., Munk, V. C., Sung, J., Charney, A., Parving, H.-H., Sullivan, S. D. (2009). Cost-Effectiveness of Aliskiren in Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and Albuminuria. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 2205-2213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Akbari, A., Knoll, G., Ferguson, D., McCormick, B., Davis, A., Biyani, M. (2009). ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS AND ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS. pdi 29: 554-561 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, Y., Deb, D. K., Kong, J., Ning, G., Wang, Y., Li, G., Chen, Y., Zhang, Z., Strugnell, S., Sabbagh, Y., Arbeeny, C., Li, Y. C. (2009). Long-term therapeutic effect of vitamin D analog doxercalciferol on diabetic nephropathy: strong synergism with AT1 receptor antagonist. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 297: F791-F801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lash, J. P., Go, A. S., Appel, L. J., He, J., Ojo, A., Rahman, M., Townsend, R. R., Xie, D., Cifelli, D., Cohan, J., Fink, J. C., Fischer, M. J., Gadegbeku, C., Hamm, L. L., Kusek, J. W., Landis, J. R., Narva, A., Robinson, N., Teal, V., Feldman, H. I., the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Stud, (2009). Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: Baseline Characteristics and Associations with Kidney Function. CJASN 4: 1302-1311 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ekinci, E. I., Thomas, G., Thomas, D., Johnson, C., MacIsaac, R. J., Houlihan, C. A., Finch, S., Panagiotopoulos, S., O'Callaghan, C., Jerums, G. (2009). Effects of Salt Supplementation on the Albuminuric Response to Telmisartan With or Without Hydrochlorothiazide Therapy in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Are Modulated by Habitual Dietary Salt Intake. Diabetes Care 32: 1398-1403 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen, D. L., Townsend, R. R. (2009). Is There Added Value to Adding ARB to ACE Inhibitors in the Management of CKD?. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1666-1668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• RamachandraRao, S. P., Zhu, Y., Ravasi, T., McGowan, T. A., Toh, I., Dunn, S. R., Okada, S., Shaw, M. A., Sharma, K. (2009). Pirfenidone Is Renoprotective in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 1765-1775 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parving, H.-H., Brenner, B. M., McMurray, J. J.V., de Zeeuw, D., Haffner, S. M., Solomon, S. D., Chaturvedi, N., Pfeffer, M. A. (2009). Dual Renin-Angiotensin system blockade and kidney disease.. J Am Coll Cardiol 54: 278-279 [Full Text]  
• Mann, J. F.E., Schmieder, R. E., Dyal, L., McQueen, M. J., Schumacher, H., Pogue, J., Wang, X., Probstfield, J. L., Avezum, A., Cardona-Munoz, E., Dagenais, G. R., Diaz, R., Fodor, G., Maillon, J. M., Ryden, L., Yu, C. M., Teo, K. K., Yusuf, S., for the TRANSCEND (Telmisartan Randomised Assessme, (2009). Effect of Telmisartan on Renal Outcomes: A Randomized Trial. ANN INTERN MED 151: 1-10 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bilous, R., Chaturvedi, N., Sjolie, A. K., Fuller, J., Klein, R., Orchard, T., Porta, M., Parving, H.-H. (2009). Effect of Candesartan on Microalbuminuria and Albumin Excretion Rate in Diabetes: Three Randomized Trials. ANN INTERN MED 151: 11-20 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mauer, M., Zinman, B., Gardiner, R., Suissa, S., Sinaiko, A., Strand, T., Drummond, K., Donnelly, S., Goodyer, P., Gubler, M. C., Klein, R. (2009). Renal and Retinal Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Type 1 Diabetes. NEJM 361: 40-51 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• On behalf of the Canadian Hypertension Education P, (2009). 2009 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations: An annual update. cfp 55: 697-700 [Full Text]  
• Schiffmann, R., Warnock, D. G., Banikazemi, M., Bultas, J., Linthorst, G. E., Packman, S., Sorensen, S. A., Wilcox, W. R., Desnick, R. J. (2009). Fabry disease: progression of nephropathy, and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events before enzyme replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 2102-2111 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sever, P. S, Gradman, A. H, Azizi, M. (2009). Managing cardiovascular and renal risk: the potential of direct renin inhibition. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 10: 65-76 [Abstract]  
• Elijovich, F., Laffer, C. (2009). A role for single-pill triple therapy in hypertension. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 3: 231-240 [Abstract]  
• Bohm, M., Thoenes, M., Neuberger, H.-R., Graber, S., Reil, J.-C., Bramlage, P., Volpe, M. (2009). Atrial fibrillation and heart rate independently correlate to microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 30: 1364-1371 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Hare, A. M., Kaufman, J. S., Covinsky, K. E., Landefeld, C. S., McFarland, L. V., Larson, E. B. (2009). Current Guidelines for Using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Kidney Disease: Is the Evidence Base Relevant to Older Adults?. ANN INTERN MED 150: 717-724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parving, H.-H., Brenner, B. M., McMurray, John. J. V., de Zeeuw, D., Haffner, S. M., Solomon, S. D., Chaturvedi, N., Ghadanfar, M., Weissbach, N., Xiang, Z., Armbrecht, J., Pfeffer, M. A. (2009). Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Endpoints (ALTITUDE): rationale and study design. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 1663-1671 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oudit, G. Y., Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Scholey, J. W., Penninger, J. M. (2009). The role of ACE2 in pulmonary diseases--relevance for the nephrologist. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 1362-1365 [Full Text]  
• Cortinovis, M., Perico, N., Cattaneo, D., Remuzzi, G. (2009). Aldosterone and progression of kidney disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 3: 133-143 [Abstract]  
• Nuzum, D. S., Merz, T. (2009). Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 22: 135-148 [Abstract]  
• de Galan, B. E., Perkovic, V., Ninomiya, T., Pillai, A., Patel, A., Cass, A., Neal, B., Poulter, N., Harrap, S., Mogensen, C.-E., Cooper, M., Marre, M., Williams, B., Hamet, P., Mancia, G., Woodward, M., Glasziou, P., Grobbee, D. E., MacMahon, S., Chalmers, J., on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group, (2009). Lowering Blood Pressure Reduces Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 883-892 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gansevoort, R. T., de Jong, P. E. (2009). The Case for Using Albuminuria in Staging Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 465-468 [Full Text]  
• Onuigbo, M.A.C. (2009). Reno-prevention vs. reno-protection: a critical re-appraisal of the evidence-base from the large RAAS blockade trials after ontarget--a call for more circumspection. QJM 102: 155-167 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wenzel, R. R., Littke, T., Kuranoff, S., Jurgens, C., Bruck, H., Ritz, E., Philipp, T., Mitchell, A., for the SPP301 (Avosentan) Endothelin Antagonist E, (2009). Avosentan Reduces Albumin Excretion in Diabetics with Macroalbuminuria. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20: 655-664 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hashimoto, S., Yamada, K., Kawata, T., Mochizuki, T., Schnermann, J., Koike, T. (2009). Abnormal autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback in prediabetic and diabetic OLETF rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 296: F598-F604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khavandi, K., Greenstein, A. S., Sonoyama, K., Withers, S., Price, A., Malik, R. A., Heagerty, A. M. (2009). Myogenic tone and small artery remodelling: insight into diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 361-369 [Full Text]  
• Fried, L. F., Duckworth, W., Zhang, J. H., O'Connor, T., Brophy, M., Emanuele, N., Huang, G. D., McCullough, P. A., Palevsky, P. M., Seliger, S., Warren, S. R., Peduzzi, P., for VA NEPHRON-D Investigators, (2009). Design of Combination Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy (VA NEPHRON-D). CJASN 4: 361-368 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• American Diabetes Association, (2009). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2009. Diabetes Care 32: S13-S61 [Full Text]  
• Kjeldsen, S. E., Aksnes, T. A., Fagard, R. H., Mancia, G. (2009). CHAPTER 13 Hypertension. ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 2: med-9780199566990-chapter-med-9780199566990-chapter [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cosentino, F., Rydén, L., Francia, P., Mellbin, L. G. (2009). CHAPTER 14 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 2: med-9780199566990-chapter-med-9780199566990-chapter [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holdsworth, S. R., Summers, S. A. (2008). Role of Mast Cells in Progressive Renal Diseases. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 2254-2261 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Radbill, B., Murphy, B., LeRoith, D. (2008). Rationale and Strategies for Early Detection and Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 83: 1373-1381 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilkinson-Berka, J. L. (2008). Prorenin and the (Pro)renin Receptor in Ocular Pathology. Am. J. Pathol. 173: 1591-1594 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levin, A. MD, Hemmelgarn, B. MD PhD, Culleton, B. MD MSc, Tobe, S. MD, McFarlane, P. MD PhD, Ruzicka, M. MD PhD, Burns, K. MD, Manns, B. MD MSc, White, C. MD, Madore, F. MD MSc, Moist, L. MD MSc, Klarenbach, S. MD MSc, Barrett, B. MD MSc, Foley, R. MD MSc, Jindal, K. MD, Senior, P. MBBS PhD, Pannu, N. MD MSc, Shurraw, S. MD, Akbari, A. MD, Cohn, A. MD, Reslerova, M. MD PhD, Deved, V. MD, Mendelssohn, D. MD, Nesrallah, G. MD, Kappel, J. MD, Tonelli, M. MD SM, for the Canadian Society of Nephrology, (2008). Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease. CMAJ 179: 1154-1162 [Full Text]  
• Wright, J., Vardhan, A. (2008). Review: The problem of diabetic nephropathy and practical prevention of its progression. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 8: 272-277 [Abstract]  
• Mugarza, J. A, Wilding, J. P, Woodward, A., Hayden, K., Gill, G. V (2008). Achieving blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic renal disease by a nurse-led protocol based clinic. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 8: 279-284 [Abstract]  
• Turnbull, F., Woodward, M., Neal, B., Barzi, F., Ninomiya, T., Chalmers, J., Perkovic, V., Li, N., MacMahon, S., the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' C, (2008). Do men and women respond differently to blood pressure-lowering treatment? Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 29: 2669-2680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abdel-Rahman, E. M., Abadir, P. M., Siragy, H. M. (2008). Regulation of renal 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in diabetes by angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295: R1473-R1478 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Ning, G., Deb, D. K., Kong, J., Li, Y. C. (2008). Combination therapy with AT1 blocker and vitamin D analog markedly ameliorates diabetic nephropathy: Blockade of compensatory renin increase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 15896-15901 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• HIRSCH, S. (2008). An update on proteinuric chronic kidney disease: The dual-goal approach. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 75: 705-713 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Galle, J., Schwedhelm, E., Pinnetti, S., Boger, R. H., Wanner, C., on behalf of the VIVALDI investigators, (2008). Antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers: telmisartan versus valsartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overt nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 3174-3183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Izuhara, Y., Sada, T., Yanagisawa, H., Koike, H., Ohtomo, S., Dan, T., Ito, S., Nangaku, M., van Ypersele de Strihou, C., Miyata, T. (2008). A Novel Sartan Derivative With Very Low Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Affinity Protects the Kidney in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 1767-1773 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Franks, A. M, O'Brien, C. E, Stowe, C. D, Wells, T. G, Gardner, S. F (2008). Candesartan Cilexetil Effectively Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Children. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42: 1388-1395 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kopple, J. D (2008). Do low-protein diets retard the loss of kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88: 593-594 [Full Text]  
• Melamed, M. L., Bauer, C., Hostetter, T. H. (2008). eGFR: Is It Ready for Early Identification of CKD?. CJASN 3: 1569-1572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Breyer, M. D. (2008). Stacking the Deck for Drug Discovery in Diabetic Nephropathy: In Search of an Animal Model. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 1623-1624 [Full Text]  
• Schindler, C. (2008). ACE-inhibitor, AT1-receptor-antagonist, or both? A clinical pharmacologist`s perspective after publication of the results of ONTARGET. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2: 233-248 [Abstract]  
• Crowley, S. D., Frey, C. W., Gould, S. K., Griffiths, R., Ruiz, P., Burchette, J. L., Howell, D. N., Makhanova, N., Yan, M., Kim, H.-S., Tharaux, P.-L., Coffman, T. M. (2008). Stimulation of lymphocyte responses by angiotensin II promotes kidney injury in hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 295: F515-F524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Triplitt, C., Alvarez, C. A. (2008). Best Practices for Lowering the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 21: 177-189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Onuigbo, M.A.C., Onuigbo, N.T.C. (2008). Worsening renal failure in older chronic kidney disease patients with renal artery stenosis concurrently on renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade: a prospective 50-month Mayo-Health-System clinic analysis. QJM 101: 519-527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abaterusso, C., Lupo, A., Ortalda, V., De Biase, V., Pani, A., Muggeo, M., Gambaro, G. (2008). Treating Elderly People with Diabetes and Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. CJASN 3: 1185-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carey, R. M. (2008). Antihypertensive and Renoprotective Mechanisms of Renin Inhibition in Diabetic Rats. Hypertension 52: 63-64 [Full Text]  
• Farbom, P., Wahlstrand, B., Almgren, P., Skrtic, S., Lanke, J., Weiss, L., Kjeldsen, S., Hedner, T., Melander, O. (2008). Interaction Between Renal Function and Microalbuminuria for Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension: The Nordic Diltiazem Study. Hypertension 52: 115-122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parving, H.-H., Persson, F., Lewis, J. B., Lewis, E. J., Hollenberg, N. K., the AVOID Study Investigators, (2008). Aliskiren Combined with Losartan in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. NEJM 358: 2433-2446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vieitez, P., Gomez, O., Uceda, E. R, Vera, M. E., Molina-Holgado, E. (2008). Systemic and local effects of angiotensin II blockade in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 9: 96-102 [Abstract]  
• Heerspink, H. L., Greene, T., Lewis, J. B., Raz, I., Rohde, R. D., Hunsicker, L. G., Schwartz, S. L., Aronoff, S., Katz, M. A., Eisner, G. M., Mersey, J. H., Wiegmann, T. B., for the Collaborative Study Group, (2008). Effects of sulodexide in patients with type 2 diabetes and persistent albuminuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 1946-1954 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stevens, V. A, Saad, S., Poronnik, P., Fenton-Lee, C. A, Polhill, T. S, Pollock, C. A (2008). The role of SGK-1 in angiotensin II-mediated sodium reabsorption in human proximal tubular cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 1834-1843 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mima, A., Arai, H., Matsubara, T., Abe, H., Nagai, K., Tamura, Y., Torikoshi, K., Araki, M., Kanamori, H., Takahashi, T., Tominaga, T., Matsuura, M., Iehara, N., Fukatsu, A., Kita, T., Doi, T. (2008). Urinary Smad1 Is a Novel Marker to Predict Later Onset of Mesangial Matrix Expansion in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 57: 1712-1722 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ruggenenti, P., Perticucci, E., Cravedi, P., Gambara, V., Costantini, M., Sharma, S. K., Perna, A., Remuzzi, G. (2008). Role of Remission Clinics in the Longitudinal Treatment of CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 1213-1224 [Full Text]  
• Sendra, J., Llorente-Cortes, V., Costales, P., Huesca-Gomez, C., Badimon, L. (2008). Angiotensin II upregulates LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) expression in the vascular wall: a new pro-atherogenic mechanism of hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 78: 581-589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Karalliedde, J., Smith, A., DeAngelis, L., Mirenda, V., Kandra, A., Botha, J., Ferber, P., Viberti, G. (2008). Valsartan Improves Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Independently of Blood Pressure Lowering. Hypertension 51: 1617-1623 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schocken, D. D., Benjamin, E. J., Fonarow, G. C., Krumholz, H. M., Levy, D., Mensah, G. A., Narula, J., Shor, E. S., Young, J. B., Hong, Y. (2008). Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 117: 2544-2565 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dubel, G. J, Murphy, T. P (2008). The role of percutaneous revascularization for renal artery stenosis. Vasc Med 13: 141-156 [Abstract]  
• Vogt, L., Waanders, F., Boomsma, F., de Zeeuw, D., Navis, G. (2008). Effects of Dietary Sodium and Hydrochlorothiazide on the Antiproteinuric Efficacy of Losartan. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 999-1007 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Freeman, J. S. (2008). Treating Hispanic Patients for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Special Considerations. JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 108: S5-S13 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Siragy, H. M., Huang, J. (2008). Renal (pro)renin receptor upregulation in diabetic rats through enhanced angiotensin AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase activity. Exp Physiol 93: 709-714 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Betteridge, D. J., DeFronzo, R. A., Chilton, R. J. (2008). PROactive: time for a critical appraisal. Eur Heart J 29: 969-983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weinrauch, L. A., Lin, J., Solomon, S. D. (2008). Mapping Directions for the Cardiorenal Conundrum: Where You End Up Depends Upon Where You Started, So Where Do We Go From Here?. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1275-1276 [Full Text]  
• Postma, M. J., Boersma, C., Gansevoort, R. T. (2008). Pharmacoeconomics in nephrology: considerations on cost-effectiveness of screening for albuminuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 1103-1106 [Full Text]  
• Palmer, A. J., Valentine, W. J., Chen, R., Mehin, N., Gabriel, S., Bregman, B., Rodby, R. A. (2008). A health economic analysis of screening and optimal treatment of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the USA. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 1216-1223 [Abstract] [Full Text]