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Previous Volume 345:1177-1183 October 18, 2001 Number 16 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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Otitis media in children leads to more than 20 million visits to physicians annually in the United States.^1,2,3 By three years of age, 80 percent of all children in the United States have had at least one episode of otitis media, and 50 percent have had at least three episodes.² Recurrent acute otitis media has its onset almost exclusively before a child's second birthday.² Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common cause of acute otitis media, accounting for approximately 50 percent of all cases.^4,5,6

In addition to being a cause of otitis media, S. pneumoniae remains a major cause of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Pneumococcal Antibiotic Resistance

Risk Factors for Otitis Media and Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Treatment of Acute Otitis Media

Vaccination to Prevent Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media

Expectations of Vaccines and Future Vaccine Strategies

Source Information

From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Giebink at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, MMC-296, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, or at giebi001@umn.edu.

References

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• Flamaing, J., Verhaegen, J., Vandeven, J., Verbiest, N., Peetermans, W. E. (2008). Pneumococcal bacteraemia in Belgium (1994 2004): the pre-conjugate vaccine era. J Antimicrob Chemother 61: 143-149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Durbin, W. J. (2004). Pneumococcal Infections. Pediatr. Rev. 25: 418-424 [Full Text]  
• Winter, L. E., Barenkamp, S. J. (2003). Human Antibodies Specific for the High-Molecular-Weight Adhesion Proteins of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Mediate Opsonophagocytic Activity. Infect. Immun. 71: 6884-6891 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Lawrence, E. R., Griffiths, D. B., Martin, S. A., George, R. C., Hall, L. M. C. (2003). Evaluation of Semiautomated Multiplex PCR Assay for Determination of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes and Serogroups. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 601-607 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Uemura, Y., Senju, S., Maenaka, K., Iwai, L. K., Fujii, S., Tabata, H., Tsukamoto, H., Hirata, S., Chen, Y.-Z., Nishimura, Y. (2003). Systematic Analysis of the Combinatorial Nature of Epitopes Recognized by TCR Leads to Identification of Mimicry Epitopes for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65-Specific TCRs. J. Immunol. 170: 947-960 [Abstract] [Full Text]