Hematopoietic stem cells maintain hematopoiesis and reestablishblood-cell production after bone marrow transplantation. Abnormalclonal expansion of these stem cells may result in chronic myelogenousleukemia, polycythemia vera, and the myelodysplastic syndromes.Stem cells also exist in other regenerating tissues and areconsidered tissue-specific: neural stem cells give rise to neurons,astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes; gastrointestinal stem cellsgive rise to absorptive, secretory, and endocrine cells withinthe gut.
In contrast, embryonic stem cells, derived from the inner layerof the blastocyst (the stage of development that occurs sevento eight cell divisions after the egg is fertilized), are totipotentand . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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