Background Within a period of three years, we identified 13patients in whom pure red-cell aplasia developed during treatmentwith recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin). We investigatedwhether there was an immunologic basis for the anemia in thesepatients.
Methods Serum samples from the 13 patients with pure red-cellaplasia were tested for neutralizing antibodies that could inhibiterythroid-colony formation by normal bone marrow cells in vitro.The presence of antierythropoietin antibodies was identifiedby means of binding assays with the use of radiolabeled intact,deglycosylated, or denatured epoetin.
Results Serum from all 13 patients blocked the formation oferythroid colonies by normal bone marrow cells. The inhibitionwas reversed by epoetin. Antibodies from 12 of the 13 patientsbound only conformational epitopes in the protein moiety ofepoetin; serum from the remaining patient bound to both conformationaland linear epitopes in erythropoietin. In all the patients,the antibody titer slowly decreased after the discontinuationof treatment with epoetin.
Conclusions Neutralizing antierythropoietin antibodies and purered-cell aplasia can develop in patients with the anemia ofchronic renal failure during treatment with epoetin.
Source Information
From the Departments of Hematology (N.C., V.U., I.T.) and Nuclear Medicine (J.N.), Hotel-Dieu, Paris; INSERM Unité 362, Paris (N.C., V.U., I.T.); the Departments of Nephrology (B. Viron) and Internal Medicine (T.P.), Hôpital Bichat, Paris; Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel dans la Region Parisienne, Saint Ouen (A.K.); the Department of Hematology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy (J.-J.K.); Centre de Traitement des Maladies Rénales Saint Augustin, Bordeaux (P.M.-D.); Polyclinique de Lagny, Lagny-sur-Marne (P. Michaud); the Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris V University, Paris (B. Varet); and the Department of Hematology and INSERM Unité 363, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris (P. Mayeux) — all in France.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Casadevall at Hotel-Dieu, 75181 Paris CEDEX 04, France, or at nicole.casadevall{at}htd.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Macdougall, I. C., Rossert, J., Casadevall, N., Stead, R. B., Duliege, A.-M., Froissart, M., Eckardt, K.-U.
(2009). A Peptide-Based Erythropoietin-Receptor Agonist for Pure Red-Cell Aplasia. NEJM
361: 1848-1855
[Abstract][Full Text]
Locatelli, F., Becker, H.
(2009). Update on Anemia Management in Nephrology, Including Current Guidelines on the Use of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and Implications of the Introduction of "Biosimilars". The Oncologist
14: 16-21
[Abstract][Full Text]
Millonig, A, Rudzki, D, Holzl, M, Ehling, R, Gneiss, C, Kunz, B, Berger, T, Reindl, M, Deisenhammer, F
(2009). High-dose intravenous interferon beta in patients with neutralizing antibodies (HINABS): a pilot study. Mult Scler
15: 977-983
[Abstract]
Foley, R. N., Curtis, B. M., Parfrey, P. S.
(2009). Erythropoietin Therapy, Hemoglobin Targets, and Quality of Life in Healthy Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Trial. CJASN
4: 726-733
[Abstract][Full Text]
Locatelli, F., Covic, A., Eckardt, K.-U., Wiecek, A., Vanholder, R., on behalf of the ERA-EDTA ERBP Advisory Board,
(2009). Anaemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease: a position statement by the Anaemia Working Group of European Renal Best Practice (ERBP). Nephrol Dial Transplant
24: 348-354
[Full Text]
CHRISTODOULOU, C., DAFNI, U., ARAVANTINOS, G., KOUTRAS, A., SAMANTAS, E., KARINA, M., JANINIS, J., PAPAKOSTAS, P., SKARLOS, D., KALOFONOS, H.P., FOUNTZILAS, G.
(2009). Effects of Epoetin-{alpha} on Quality of Life of Cancer Patients with Solid Tumors Receiving Chemotherapy. Anticancer Res
29: 693-702
[Abstract][Full Text]
Metzger, N. L., Francis, K. E., Voils, S. A.
(2008). A Comparative Review of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents. Journal of Pharmacy Practice
21: 424-430
[Abstract]
Covic, A., Cannata-Andia, J., Cancarini, G., Coppo, R., Frazao, J. M., Goldsmith, D., Ronco, P., Spasovski, G. B., Stenvinkel, P., Utas, C., Wiecek, A., Zoccali, C., London, G.
(2008). Biosimilars and biopharmaceuticals: what the nephrologists need to know--a position paper by the ERA-EDTA Council. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 3731-3737
[Full Text]
Foley, R. N., Curtis, B. M., Parfrey, P. S.
(2008). Hemoglobin Targets and Blood Transfusions in Hemodialysis Patients without Symptomatic Cardiac Disease Receiving Erythropoietin Therapy. CJASN
3: 1669-1675
[Abstract][Full Text]
Summers, S., Holdsworth, S., Sharples, E.
(2008). The (re)challenging question of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents inducing pure red cell aplasia. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 3053-3055
[Full Text]
Soelberg Sorensen, P.
(2008). Review: Neutralizing antibodies against interferon-beta. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
1: 125-141
[Abstract]
Viron, B., Dupuy, C.-A., Kolta, A., Casadevall, N.
(2008). Successful re-challenge with darbepoetin in a patient with rHu-EPO-induced pure red cell aplasia refractory to immunosuppressive drugs. Nephrol Dial Transplant
23: 2416-2418
[Full Text]
Pollock, C., Johnson, D. W., Horl, W. H., Rossert, J., Casadevall, N., Schellekens, H., Delage, R., De Francisco, A., Macdougall, I., Thorpe, R., Toffelmire, E.
(2008). Pure Red Cell Aplasia Induced by Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents. CJASN
3: 193-199
[Abstract][Full Text]
Singh, A. K.
(2008). Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. CJASN
3: 3-6
[Full Text]
Schellekens, H.
(2008). The First Biosimilar Epoetin: But How Similar Is It?. CJASN
3: 174-178
[Full Text]
Woo, S., Krzyzanski, W., Duliege, A.-M., Stead, R. B., Jusko, W. J.
(2008). Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Peptidic Erythropoiesis Receptor Agonist (ERA) in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol
48: 43-52
[Abstract][Full Text]
Attar, E. C., Aquino, S. L., Hasserjian, R. P.
(2007). Case 33-2007 -- A 49-Year-Old HIV-Positive Man with Anemia. NEJM
357: 1745-1754
[Full Text]
Ferbas, J., Thomas, J., Hodgson, J., Gaur, A., Casadevall, N., Swanson, S. J.
(2007). Feasibility of a Multiplex Flow Cytometric Bead Immunoassay for Detection of Anti-Epoetin Alfa Antibodies. CVI
14: 1165-1172
[Abstract][Full Text]
Elimelakh, M., Dayton, V., Park, K. S., Gruessner, A. C., Sutherland, D., Howe, R. B., Reding, M. T., Eastlund, T., van Burik, J.-A., Singleton, T. P., Gruessner, R. W., Key, N. S.
(2007). Red cell aplasia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia following immunosuppression with alemtuzumab, mycophenolate, and daclizumab in pancreas transplant recipients. haematol
92: 1029-1036
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lenga, I., Lok, C., Marticorena, R., Hunter, J., Dacouris, N., Goldstein, M.
(2007). Role of Oral Iron in the Management of Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients. CJASN
2: 688-693
[Abstract][Full Text]
Farrell, R. A, Giovannoni, G.
(2007). Measuring and management of Anti-Interferon Beta Antibodies in subjects with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler
13: 567-577
[Abstract]
Locatelli, F., Del Vecchio, L., Pozzoni, P.
(2007). PURE RED-CELL APLASIA "EPIDEMIC"--MYSTERY COMPLETELY REVEALED?. pdi
27: S303-S307
[Abstract][Full Text]
Stuve, O., Marra, C. M., Cravens, P. D., Singh, M. P., Hu, W., Lovett-Racke, A., Monson, N. L., Phillips, J. T., Tervaert, J. W. C., Nash, R. A., Hartung, H.-P., Kieseier, B. C., Racke, M. M., Frohman, E. M., Hemmer, B.
(2007). Potential Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Natalizumab Therapy: Possible Interventions. Arch Neurol
64: 169-176
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bunn, H. F.
(2007). New agents that stimulate erythropoiesis. Blood
109: 868-873
[Abstract][Full Text]
Maas, C., Hermeling, S., Bouma, B., Jiskoot, W., Gebbink, M. F. B. G.
(2007). A Role for Protein Misfolding in Immunogenicity of Biopharmaceuticals. J. Biol. Chem.
282: 2229-2236
[Abstract][Full Text]
Shammo, J. M., Stewart, F. M.
(2007). Hematopoietic growth factors. ASH-SAP
2007: 45-60
[Full Text]
Kessler, M., Goldsmith, D., Schellekens, H.
(2006). Immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: v9-v12
[Abstract][Full Text]
Jacob, A., Sandhu, K., Nicholas, J., Jones, H., Odum, J., Rylance, P., Carmichael, P., Jackson, M., Handa, S., Macwhannell, A., Basu, S., Wahid, F., Casadevall, N., Mufti, G., Macdougall, I.
(2006). Antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a dialysis patient receiving darbepoetin alfa as the sole erythropoietic agent. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: 2963-2965
[Full Text]
Locatelli, F., Roger, S.
(2006). Comparative testing and pharmacovigilance of biosimilars. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: v13-v16
[Abstract][Full Text]
Messa, P., Nicolini, M. A., Cesana, B., Brezzi, B., Zattera, T., Magnasco, A., Moroni, G., Campise, M.
(2006). Efficacy prospective study of different frequencies of Epo administration by i.v. and s.c. routes in renal replacement therapy patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant
21: 431-436
[Abstract][Full Text]
Moist, L. M, Muirhead, N., Wazny, L. D, Gallo, K. L, Heidenheim, A P., House, A. A
(2006). Erythropoietin Dose Requirements When Converting from Subcutaneous to Intravenous Administration Among Patients on Hemodialysis. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
40: 198-203
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kruep, E. J., Basskin, L. E.
(2005). Cost-minimization analysis of darbepoetin alfa versus epoetin alfa in the hospital setting. Am J Health Syst Pharm
62: 2597-2603
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bennett, C. L., Cournoyer, D., Carson, K. R., Rossert, J., Luminari, S., Evens, A. M., Locatelli, F., Belknap, S. M., McKoy, J. M., Lyons, E. A., Kim, B., Sharma, R., Costello, S., Toffelmire, E. B., Wells, G. A., Messner, H. A., Yarnold, P. R., Trifilio, S. M., Raisch, D. W., Kuzel, T. M., Nissenson, A., Lim, L.-C., Tallman, M. S., Casadevall, N.
(2005). Long-term outcome of individuals with pure red cell aplasia and antierythropoietin antibodies in patients treated with recombinant epoetin: a follow-up report from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Blood
106: 3343-3347
[Abstract][Full Text]
Andrade, J., Taylor, P. A., Love, J. M., Levin, A.
(2005). Successful reintroduction of a different erythropoiesis-stimulating agent after pure red cell aplasia: relapse after successful therapy with prednisone. Nephrol Dial Transplant
20: 2548-2551
[Abstract][Full Text]
Patel, S. Y., Ding, L., Brown, M. R., Lantz, L., Gay, T., Cohen, S., Martyak, L. A., Kubak, B., Holland, S. M.
(2005). Anti-IFN-{gamma} Autoantibodies in Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections. J. Immunol.
175: 4769-4776
[Abstract][Full Text]
Engert, A.
(2005). Recombinant human erythropoietin in oncology: current status and further developments. Ann Oncol
16: 1584-1595
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bennett, C. L., Nebeker, J. R., Lyons, E. A., Samore, M. H., Feldman, M. D., McKoy, J. M., Carson, K. R., Belknap, S. M., Trifilio, S. M., Schumock, G. T., Yarnold, P. R., Davidson, C. J., Evens, A. M., Kuzel, T. M., Parada, J. P., Cournoyer, D., West, D. P., Sartor, O., Tallman, M. S., Raisch, D. W.
(2005). The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. JAMA
293: 2131-2140
[Abstract][Full Text]
Witzig, T. E., Silberstein, P. T., Loprinzi, C. L., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Mailliard, J. A., Rowland, K. M., Alberts, S. R., Krook, J. E., Levitt, R., Morton, R. F.
(2005). Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Epoetin Alfa Compared With Placebo in Anemic Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. JCO
23: 2606-2617
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bohlius, J., Langensiepen, S., Schwarzer, G., Seidenfeld, J., Piper, M., Bennett, C., Engert, A.
(2005). Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Overall Survival in Cancer Patients: Results of a Comprehensive Meta-analysis. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
97: 489-498
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tangri, S., Mothe, B. R., Eisenbraun, J., Sidney, J., Southwood, S., Briggs, K., Zinckgraf, J., Bilsel, P., Newman, M., Chesnut, R., LiCalsi, C., Sette, A.
(2005). Rationally Engineered Therapeutic Proteins with Reduced Immunogenicity. J. Immunol.
174: 3187-3196
[Abstract][Full Text]
Praditpornsilpa, K., Buranasot, S., Bhokaisuwan, N., Avihingsanon, Y., Pisitkul, T., Kansanabuch, T., Eiam-Ong, S., Chusil, S., Intarakumtornchai, T., Tungsanga, K.
(2005). Recovery from anti-recombinant-human-erythropoietin associated pure red cell aplasia in end-stage renal disease patients after renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant
20: 626-630
[Full Text]
Casadevall, N., Eckardt, K.-U., Rossert, J.
(2005). Epoetin-Induced Autoimmune Pure Red Cell Aplasia. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
16: S67-S69
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hoffman, J. M., Shah, N. D., Vermeulen, L. C., Hunkler, R. J., Hontz, K. M.
(2005). Projecting future drug expenditures--2005. Am J Health Syst Pharm
62: 149-167
[Abstract][Full Text]
Walrafen, P., Verdier, F., Kadri, Z., Chretien, S., Lacombe, C., Mayeux, P.
(2005). Both proteasomes and lysosomes degrade the activated erythropoietin receptor. Blood
105: 600-608
[Abstract][Full Text]
Thorpe, R., Swanson, S. J
(2005). Current Methods for Detecting Antibodies against Erythropoietin and Other Recombinant Proteins. CVI
12: 28-39
[Full Text]
Macdougall, I. C., Roche, A., Rossert, J., Casadevall, N., Francois, P., Kemeny, D. M.
(2004). Re-challenging patients who developed pure red cell aplasia with epoetin: can it be done?. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 2901-2905
[Full Text]
Ohls, R. K., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Das, A., Dusick, A. M., Yolton, K., Romano, E., Delaney-Black, V., Papile, L.-A., Simon, N. P., Steichen, J. J., Lee, K. G., for the National Institute of Child Health and Hum,
(2004). Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Growth at 18 to 22 Months' Corrected Age in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Treated With Early Erythropoietin and Iron. Pediatrics
114: 1287-1291
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lucas, A., McFadden, G.
(2004). Secreted Immunomodulatory Viral Proteins as Novel Biotherapeutics. J. Immunol.
173: 4765-4774
[Abstract][Full Text]
Cournoyer, D., Toffelmire, E. B., Wells, G. A., Barber, D. L., Barrett, B. J., Delage, R., Forrest, D. L., Gagnon, R. F., Harvey, E. A., Laneuville, P., Patterson, B. J., Poon, M.-C., Posen, G. A., Messner, H. A., the members of the Canadian PRCA Focus Group,
(2004). Anti-Erythropoietin Antibody-Mediated Pure Red Cell Aplasia after Treatment with Recombinant Erythropoietin Products: Recommendations for Minimization of Risk. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
15: 2728-2734
[Abstract][Full Text]
Bennett, C. L., Luminari, S., Nissenson, A. R., Tallman, M. S., Klinge, S. A., McWilliams, N., McKoy, J. M., Kim, B., Lyons, E. A., Trifilio, S. M., Raisch, D. W., Evens, A. M., Kuzel, T. M., Schumock, G. T., Belknap, S. M., Locatelli, F., Rossert, J., Casadevall, N.
(2004). Pure Red-Cell Aplasia and Epoetin Therapy. NEJM
351: 1403-1408
[Abstract][Full Text]
Legare, C., Turner, C., Klein, A. V.
(2004). Use of Eprex in Canada. CMAJ
171: 552-553
[Full Text]
Schonholzer, C., Keusch, G., Nigg, L., Robert, D., Wauters, J.-P.
(2004). High prevalence in Switzerland of pure red-cell aplasia due to anti-erythropoietin antibodies in chronic dialysis patients: report of five cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 2121-2125
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tolman, C., Duja, S., Richardson, D., Rashid, R., McVerry, A., Mooney, A., Baker, R., Will, E.
(2004). Four cases of pure red cell aplasia secondary to epoetin {beta}, with strong temporal relationships. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 2133-2136
[Full Text]
Summers, S. A., Matijevic, A., Almond, M. K.
(2004). Successful re-introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin following antibody induced pure red cell aplasia. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 2137-2139
[Full Text]
Asari, A., Gokal, R.
(2004). Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Epoetin alpha Responding to Darbepoetin Alpha in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
15: 2204-2207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hellmich, B, Ciaglo, A, Schatz, H, Coakley, G
(2004). Autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 are rare in patients with Felty's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis
63: 862-866
[Abstract][Full Text]
Strunk, T, Hartel, C, Schultz, C
(2004). Does erythropoietin protect the preterm brain?. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.
89: F364-F366
[Abstract][Full Text]
Vartia, A., Asola, M. R., Tertti, R., Kunelius, P., Metsarinne, K. P.
(2004). Two haemodialysis patients with epoetin alfa-induced pure red-cell aplasia recovered despite treatment with another epoetin preparation. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 1313-1316
[Full Text]
Verhoeyen, E., Cosset, F.-L.
(2004). Inadvertent autoimmunity in EPO gene transfer. Blood
103: 3248-3249
[Full Text]
Gao, G., Lebherz, C., Weiner, D. J., Grant, R., Calcedo, R., McCullough, B., Bagg, A., Zhang, Y., Wilson, J. M.
(2004). Erythropoietin gene therapy leads to autoimmune anemia in macaques. Blood
103: 3300-3302
[Abstract][Full Text]
Murray, N A, Roberts, I A G
(2004). Neonatal transfusion practice. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.
89: F101-F107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Henry, D. H., Bowers, P., Romano, M. T., Provenzano, R.
(2004). Epoetin Alfa: Clinical Evolution of a Pleiotropic Cytokine. Arch Intern Med
164: 262-276
[Abstract][Full Text]
Locatelli, F., Aljama, P., Barany, P., Canaud, B., Carrera, F., Eckardt, K.-U., Macdougall, I. C., Macleod, A., Horl, W. H., Wiecek, A., Cameron, S.
(2004). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and antibody-mediated pure red-cell aplasia: here are we now and where do we go from here?. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 288-293
[Full Text]
Duffield, J. S., Mann, S., Horn, L., Winney, R. J.
(2004). Low-dose cyclosporin therapy for recombinant erythropoietin-induced pure red-cell aplasia. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 479-481
[Full Text]
Rossert, J., Casadevall, N., Eckardt, K.-U.
(2004). Anti-Erythropoietin Antibodies and Pure Red Cell Aplasia. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
15: 398-406
[Full Text]
Stickler, M., Rochanayon, N., Razo, O. J., Mucha, J., Gebel, W., Faravashi, N., Chin, R., Holmes, S., Harding, F. A.
(2004). An In Vitro Human Cell-Based Assay to Rank the Relative Immunogenicity of Proteins. Toxicol Sci
77: 280-289
[Abstract][Full Text]
Andreucci, V. E., Kerr, D. N. S., Kopple, J. D.
(2004). Rights of chronic renal failure patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant
19: 30-38
[Abstract][Full Text]
Guest, S. S., Levitt, L.
(2003). Pure Red-Cell Aplasia Secondary to Antierythropoietin Antibodies. NEJM
349: 2572-2573
[Full Text]
Giovannoni, G.
(2003). Strategies to treat and prevent the development of neutralizing anti-interferon-{beta} antibodies. Neurology
61: S13-17
[Abstract][Full Text]
Navarro, J. F.
(2003). In the erythropoietin era, can we forget alternative or adjunctive therapies for renal anaemia management? The androgen example. Nephrol Dial Transplant
18: 2222-2226
[Full Text]
Ladewski, L. A., Belknap, S. M., Nebeker, J. R., Sartor, O., Lyons, E. A., Kuzel, T. C., Tallman, M. S., Raisch, D. W., Auerbach, A. R., Schumock, G. T., Kwaan, H. C., Bennett, C. L.
(2003). Dissemination of Information on Potentially Fatal Adverse Drug Reactions for Cancer Drugs From 2000 to 2002: First Results From the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports Project. JCO
21: 3859-3866
[Abstract][Full Text]
Morgan, J. A., Bisleri, G., Mancini, D. M., Aberegg, S. K., Calabrese, L. H.
(2003). Cardiac Transplantation in an HIV-1-Infected Patient. NEJM
349: 1388-1389
[Full Text]
Radunovic, A., Parnell, N., Jackson, M., Hill, P.
(2003). Another cause of anaemia. QJM
96: 775-776
[Full Text]
Drucker, D. J.
(2003). Enhancing Incretin Action for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care
26: 2929-2940
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith, K. J, Bleyer, A. J, Little, W. C, Sane, D. C
(2003). The cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin. Cardiovasc Res
59: 538-548
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schellekens, H.
(2003). Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Nephrol Dial Transplant
18: 1257-1259
[Full Text]
Ng, T, Marx, G, Littlewood, T, Macdougall, I
(2003). Recombinant erythropoietin in clinical practice. Postgrad. Med. J.
79: 367-376
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zeuner, A., Pedini, F., Signore, M., Testa, U., Pelosi, E., Peschle, C., De Maria, R.
(2003). Stem cell factor protects erythroid precursor cells from chemotherapeutic agents via up-regulation of BCL-2 family proteins. Blood
102: 87-93
[Abstract][Full Text]
Eckardt, K.-U., Casadevall, N.
(2003). Pure red-cell aplasia due to anti-erythropoietin antibodies. Nephrol Dial Transplant
18: 865-869
[Full Text]
Kruger, A., Schroer, W., Rohrs, F., Vescio, G.
(2003). PRCA in a patient treated with epoetin beta. Nephrol Dial Transplant
18: 1033-1034
[Full Text]
Corwin, H. L.
(2003). Erythropoietin and Transfusions Among Critically Ill Patients--Reply. JAMA
289: 1512-1512
[Full Text]
Fisher, J. W.
(2003). Erythropoietin: Physiology and Pharmacology Update. Exp. Biol. Med.
228: 1-14
[Abstract][Full Text]
Corwin, H. L., Gettinger, A., Pearl, R. G., Fink, M. P., Levy, M. M., Shapiro, M. J., Corwin, M. J., Colton, T., for the EPO Critical Care Trials Group,
(2002). Efficacy of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA
288: 2827-2835
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hudson, J. Q., Schonder, K. S.
(2002). Advances in Anemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Pharmacy Practice
15: 437-455
[Abstract]
Rizzo, J. D., Lichtin, A. E., Woolf, S. H., Seidenfeld, J., Bennett, C. L., Cella, D., Djulbegovic, B., Goode, M. J., Jakubowski, A. A., Lee, S. J., Miller, C. B., Rarick, M. U., Regan, D. H., Browman, G. P., Gordon, M. S.
(2002). Use of Epoetin in Patients With Cancer: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. JCO
20: 4083-4107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rizzo, J. D., Lichtin, A. E., Woolf, S. H., Seidenfeld, J., Bennett, C. L., Cella, D., Djulbegovic, B., Goode, M. J., Jakubowski, A. A., Lee, S. J., Miller, C. B., Rarick, M. U., Regan, D. H., Browman, G. P., Gordon, M. S.
(2002). Use of epoetin in patients with cancer: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. Blood
100: 2303-2320
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weber, G., Gross, J., Kromminga, A., Loew, H.-H., Eckardt, K.-U.
(2002). Allergic Skin and Systemic Reactions in a Patient with Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Anti-Erythropoietin Antibodies Challenged with Different Epoetins. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
13: 2381-2383
[Abstract][Full Text]
Gershon, S. K., Luksenburg, H., Cote, T. R., Braun, M. M., Sokol, L., Prchal, J. T., Casadevall, N., Mayeux, P., Bunn, H. F.
(2002). Pure Red-Cell Aplasia and Recombinant Erythropoietin. NEJM
346: 1584-1586
[Full Text]
Bunn, H. F.
(2002). Drug-Induced Autoimmune Red-Cell Aplasia. NEJM
346: 522-523
[Full Text]
Greenberg, P. L., Young, N. S., Gattermann, N.
(2002). Myelodysplastic Syndromes. ASH Education Book
2002: 136-161
[Abstract][Full Text]
Previous
