FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 347:1512-1520 November 7, 2002 Number 19 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text Editorial by Varmus, H. Letters Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited PubMed Citation

Humans have known for millennia that heredity affects health.¹ However, Mendel's seminal contribution to the elucidation of the mechanisms by which heredity affects phenotype occurred less than 150 years ago, and Garrod began applying this knowledge to human health only at the start of the past century. For most of the 20th century, many medical practitioners viewed genetics as an esoteric academic specialty; that view is now dangerously outdated.

The Advent of Genomic Medicine

The recent completion of the draft sequence of the human genome^2,3 and related developments have increased interest in genetics, but confusion remains among health professionals and the public about the role . . . [Full Text of this Article]

The Human Genome

Monogenic Conditions

Types of Mutation

Genes in Common Disease

Variation in the Human Genome

Conclusions

Source Information

From the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Guttmacher at Bldg. 31, Rm. 4B09, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2152, or at guttmach@mail.nih.gov.

Related Letters:

Genomic Medicine
Weed H. G., Medow M. A., Guttmacher A. E., Collins F. S.
Extract | Full Text | PDF  
N Engl J Med 2003; 348:759-760, Feb 20, 2003. Correspondence

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Cappelen, A W, Norheim, O F, Tungodden, B (2008). Genomics and equal opportunity ethics. J. Med. Ethics 34: 361-364 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hemminki, K, Forsti, A, Bermejo, J L (2008). Estimating risks of common complex diseases: familial and population risks. J. Med. Genet. 45: 126-127 [Full Text]  
• Anderson, J. L., Horne, B. D., Stevens, S. M., Grove, A. S., Barton, S., Nicholas, Z. P., Kahn, S. F.S., May, H. T., Samuelson, K. M., Muhlestein, J. B., Carlquist, J. F., for the Couma-Gen Investigators, (2007). Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Versus Standard Warfarin Dosing in Patients Initiating Oral Anticoagulation. Circulation 116: 2563-2570 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hutchison, C. A. III (2007). DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 6227-6237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lorenzo Bermejo, J., Hemminki, K. (2007). Gene-environment studies: any advantage over environmental studies?. Carcinogenesis 28: 1526-1532 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lillie, S. E., Brewer, N. T., O'Neill, S. C., Morrill, E. F., Dees, E. C., Carey, L. A., Rimer, B. K. (2007). Retention and Use of Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Information from Genomic Tests: The Role of Health Literacy. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 16: 249-255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Foster, M W, Royal, C D M, Sharp, R R (2006). The routinisation of genomics and genetics: implications for ethical practices.. J. Med. Ethics 32: 635-638 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Makino, H., Miyamoto, Y., Sawai, K., Mori, K., Mukoyama, M., Nakao, K., Yoshimasa, Y., Suga, S.-i. (2006). Altered Gene Expression Related to Glomerulogenesis and Podocyte Structure in Early Diabetic Nephropathy of db/db Mice and Its Restoration by Pioglitazone.. Diabetes 55: 2747-2756 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seeman, M. V. (2006). Forty-five years of schizophrenia: personal reflections.. History of Psychiatry 17: 363-373 [Abstract]  
• Seo, D., Ginsburg, G. S., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J. (2006). Gene Expression Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases: Novel Insights Into Biology and Clinical Applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 227-235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Van Riper, M. (2006). Guest editorial: family nursing in the era of genomic health care: we should be doing so much more!. Journal of Family Nursing 12: 111-118  
• Blum, K., Chen, T. J.H., Blum, S. H., Downs, B. W., Braverman, E. R., Mengucci, J. F., Meshkin, B. (2006). Nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics: a scientific wonderland. Social Science Information 45: 35-52 [Abstract]  
• Thomas, J. C., Irwin, D. E., Zuiker, E. S., Millikan, R. C. (2005). Genomics and the Public Health Code of Ethics. Am. J. Public Health 95: 2139-2143 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Camaschella, C. (2005). Understanding iron homeostasis through genetic analysis of hemochromatosis and related disorders. Blood 106: 3710-3717 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fadiel, A., Anidi, I., Eichenbaum, K. D. (2005). Farm animal genomics and informatics: an update. Nucleic Acids Res 33: 6308-6318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levy, H. L. (2005). Metabolic disorders in the center of genetic medicine.. NEJM 353: 1968-1970 [Full Text]  
• Evans, C. H., Rosier, R. N. (2005). Molecular Biology in Orthopaedics: The Advent of Molecular Orthopaedics. JBJS 87: 2550-2564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, Q., Khoury, M. J, Friedman, J., Little, J., Flanders, W D. (2005). How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population?. Int J Epidemiol 34: 1129-1137 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhong, X.-b., Leng, L., Beitin, A., Chen, R., McDonald, C., Hsiao, B., Jenison, R. D., Kang, I., Park, S.-H., Lee, A., Gregersen, P., Thuma, P., Bray-Ward, P., Ward, D. C., Bucala, R. (2005). Simultaneous detection of microsatellite repeats and SNPs in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene by thin-film biosensor chips and application to rural field studies. Nucleic Acids Res 33: e121-e121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Luque-Ramirez, M., San Millan, J. L. (2005). The Molecular-Genetic Basis of Functional Hyperandrogenism and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 26: 251-282 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kauwell, G. P. A. (2005). Emerging Concepts in Nutrigenomics: A Preview of What Is to Come. Nutr Clin Pract 20: 75-87 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abel, E., Horner, S. D., Tyler, D., Innerarity, S. A. (2005). The Impact of Genetic Information on Policy and Clinical Practice. Policy Politics Nursing Practice 6: 5-14 [Abstract]  
• Kauwell, G. P. A. (2005). Emerging Concepts in Nutrigenomics: A Preview of What Is to Come. (SAGE) Nutr Clin Pract 20: 75-87 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guerassimov, A., Hoshino, Y., Takubo, Y., Turcotte, A., Yamamoto, M., Ghezzo, H., Triantafillopoulos, A., Whittaker, K., Hoidal, J. R., Cosio, M. G. (2004). The Development of Emphysema in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice Is Strain Dependent. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 170: 974-980 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Khoury, M. J, Millikan, R., Little, J., Gwinn, M. (2004). The emergence of epidemiology in the genomics age. Int J Epidemiol 33: 936-944 [Full Text]  
• Wade, K. C., Aplenc, R. (2004). Genetic Susceptibility to Neonatal Disease. NeoReviews 5: e275-e282 [Full Text]  
• Winkelman, C. (2004). Genomics: What Every Critical Care Nurse Needs to Know About the Genetic Contribution to Critical Illness. Crit Care Nurse 24: 34-45 [Full Text]  
• Kansagra, S., List, J. (2004). The Clinical Relevance of Genomic Variation. JAMA 291: 1641-1641 [Full Text]  
• Kirstein, S. L., Insel, P. A. (2004). Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacogenomics: A Progress Report. Pharmacol. Rev. 56: 31-52 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Susztak, K., Bottinger, E., Novetsky, A., Liang, D., Zhu, Y., Ciccone, E., Wu, D., Dunn, S., McCue, P., Sharma, K. (2004). Molecular Profiling of Diabetic Mouse Kidney Reveals Novel Genes Linked to Glomerular Disease. Diabetes 53: 784-794 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stover, P. J. (2004). Nutritional genomics. Physiol. Genomics 16: 161-165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kinane, D.F., Hart, T.C. (2003). GENES AND GENE POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 14: 430-449 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Giampietro, P. F. (2003). Can Genomic Medicine be Applied to the Management of Essential Hypertension?. Clin Med Res 1: 271-272 [Full Text]  
• Burke, W. (2003). Genomics as a Probe for Disease Biology. NEJM 349: 969-974 [Full Text]  
• Guttmacher, A. E., Collins, F. S. (2003). Welcome to the Genomic Era. NEJM 349: 996-998 [Full Text]  
• Col, N. F. (2003). The Use of Gene Tests to Detect Hereditary Predisposition to Chronic Disease: Is Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Relevant?. Med Decis Making 23: 441-448 [Abstract]  
• Mestroni, L. (2003). Genomic medicine and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 41: 2193-2196 [Full Text]  
• Lyons, M. A., Wittenburg, H., Li, R., Walsh, K. A., Churchill, G. A., Carey, M. C., Paigen, B. (2003). Quantitative trait loci that determine lipoprotein cholesterol levels in DBA/2J and CAST/Ei inbred mice,. J. Lipid Res. 44: 953-967 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Little, J., Khoury, M. J., Bradley, L., Clyne, M., Gwinn, M., Lin, B., Lindegren, M.-L., Yoon, P. (2003). The Human Genome Project Is Complete. How Do We Develop a Handle for the Pump?. Am J Epidemiol 157: 667-673 [Full Text]  
• Insel, T. R., Collins, F. S. (2003). Psychiatry in the Genomics Era. Am. J. Psychiatry 160: 616-620 [Full Text]  
• Merikangas, K. R., Risch, N. (2003). Will the Genomics Revolution Revolutionize Psychiatry?. Am. J. Psychiatry 160: 625-635 [Full Text]  
• Cooper, R. S., Psaty, B. M. (2003). Genomics and Medicine: Distraction, Incremental Progress, or the Dawn of a New Age?. ANN INTERN MED 138: 576-580 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kelley, W. N. (2003). From the Double Helix to Genomic Medicine. ANN INTERN MED 138: 603-604 [Full Text]  
• Weed, H. G., Medow, M. A., Guttmacher, A. E., Collins, F. S. (2003). Genomic Medicine. NEJM 348: 759-760 [Full Text]  
• Goldstein, D. B. (2003). Pharmacogenetics in the Laboratory and the Clinic. NEJM 348: 553-556 [Full Text]  
• Varmus, H. (2002). Getting Ready for Gene-Based Medicine. NEJM 347: 1526-1527 [Full Text]