FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 350:1505-1515 April 8, 2004 Number 15 Next

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text PowerPoint Slide Set Perspective by Brewer, H. B. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels constitute a major risk factor for coronary heart disease; however, there are no therapies that substantially raise HDL cholesterol levels. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has been proposed as a strategy to raise HDL cholesterol levels.

Methods We conducted a single-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effects of torcetrapib, a potent inhibitor of CETP, on plasma lipoprotein levels in 19 subjects with low levels of HDL cholesterol (<40 mg per deciliter [1.0 mmol per liter]), 9 of whom were also treated with 20 mg of atorvastatin daily. All the subjects received placebo for four weeks and then received 120 mg of torcetrapib daily for the following four weeks. Six of the subjects who did not receive atorvastatin also participated in a third phase, in which they received 120 mg of torcetrapib twice daily for four weeks.

Results Treatment with 120 mg of torcetrapib daily increased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol by 61 percent (P<0.001) and 46 percent (P=0.001) in the atorvastatin and non-atorvastatin cohorts, respectively, and treatment with 120 mg twice daily increased HDL cholesterol by 106 percent (P<0.001). Torcetrapib also reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 17 percent in the atorvastatin cohort (P=0.02). Finally, torcetrapib significantly altered the distribution of cholesterol among HDL and LDL subclasses, resulting in increases in the mean particle size of HDL and LDL in each cohort.

Conclusions In subjects with low HDL cholesterol levels, CETP inhibition with torcetrapib markedly increased HDL cholesterol levels and also decreased LDL cholesterol levels, both when administered as monotherapy and when administered in combination with a statin.

Source Information

From the Lipid Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston (M.E.B., E.J.S.); the Department of Medicine and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.L.W., L.T.B., D.J.R.); and the Departments of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (A.G.D., R.W.C.) and Clinical Biostatistics (J.P.M.), Pfizer, Groton, Conn.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Brousseau at the Lipid Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Molecular Medicine, New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St., Box 216, Boston, MA 02111, or at margaret.brousseau{at}tufts.edu, or to Dr. Rader at the Department of Medicine and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 or at rader{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Dalvie, D., Chen, W., Zhang, C., Vaz, A. D., Smolarek, T. A., Cox, L. M., Lin, J., Obach, R. S. (2008). Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of Torcetrapib, a Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Humans. Drug Metab. Dispos. 36: 2185-2198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hausenloy, D J, Yellon, D M (2008). Targeting residual cardiovascular risk: raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Heart 94: 706-714 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Movva, R., Rader, D. J. (2008). Laboratory Assessment of HDL Heterogeneity and Function. Clin. Chem. 54: 788-800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kastelein, J. J.P., de Groot, E. (2008). Ultrasound imaging techniques for the evaluation of cardiovascular therapies. Eur Heart J 29: 849-858 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Psaty, B. M., Lumley, T. (2008). Surrogate End Points and FDA Approval: A Tale of 2 Lipid-Altering Drugs. JAMA 299: 1474-1476 [Full Text]  
• Ferns, G., Keti, V. (2008). HDL-cholesterol modulation and its impact on the management of cardiovascular risk. Ann Clin Biochem 45: 122-128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Millar, J. S., Brousseau, M. E., Diffenderfer, M. R., Barrett, P. H. R., Welty, F. K., Cohn, J. S., Wilson, A., Wolfe, M. L., Nartsupha, C., Schaefer, P. M., Digenio, A. G., Mancuso, J. P., Dolnikowski, G. G., Schaefer, E. J., Rader, D. J. (2008). Effects of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor torcetrapib on VLDL apolipoprotein E metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 49: 543-549 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoffman, J. M., Shah, N. D., Vermeulen, L. C., Doloresco, F., Grim, P., Hunkler, R. J., Hontz, K. M., Schumock, G. T. (2008). Projecting future drug expenditures--2008. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65: 234-253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guerin, M., Le Goff, W., Duchene, E., Julia, Z., Nguyen, T., Thuren, T., Shear, C. L., Chapman, M. J. (2008). Inhibition of CETP by Torcetrapib Attenuates the Atherogenicity of Postprandial TG-Rich Lipoproteins in Type IIB Hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: 148-154 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Charlton-Menys, V., Durrington, P. N. (2008). Human cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic molecules. Exp Physiol 93: 27-42 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barter, P. J., Caulfield, M., Eriksson, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J.P., Komajda, M., Lopez-Sendon, J., Mosca, L., Tardif, J.-C., Waters, D. D., Shear, C. L., Revkin, J. H., Buhr, K. A., Fisher, M. R., Tall, A. R., Brewer, B., the ILLUMINATE Investigators, (2007). Effects of Torcetrapib in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Events. NEJM 357: 2109-2122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zeller, M., Masson, D., Farnier, M., Lorgis, L., Deckert, V., Pais de Barros, J.-P., Desrumaux, C., Sicard, P., Grober, J., Blache, D., Gambert, P., Rochette, L., Cottin, Y., Lagrost, L. (2007). High Serum Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Rates and Small High-Density Lipoproteins Are Associated With Young Age in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 1948-1955 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schindler, C. (2007). Review: The metabolic syndrome as an endocrine disease: is there an effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy optimally targeting the pathogenesis?. Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease 1: 7-26 [Abstract]  
• Singh, I. M., Shishehbor, M. H., Ansell, B. J. (2007). High-Density Lipoprotein as a Therapeutic Target: A Systematic Review. JAMA 298: 786-798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Hoogt, C. C., de Haan, W., Westerterp, M., Hoekstra, M., Dallinga-Thie, G. M., Romijn, J. A., Princen, H. M. G., Jukema, J. W., Havekes, L. M., Rensen, P. C. N. (2007). Fenofibrate increases HDL-cholesterol by reducing cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression. J. Lipid Res. 48: 1763-1771 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morehouse, L. A., Sugarman, E. D., Bourassa, P.-A., Sand, T. M., Zimetti, F., Gao, F., Rothblat, G. H., Milici, A. J. (2007). Inhibition of CETP activity by torcetrapib reduces susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis in New Zealand White rabbits. J. Lipid Res. 48: 1263-1272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Horne, B. D., Camp, N. J., Anderson, J. L., Mower, C. P., Clarke, J. L., Kolek, M. J., Carlquist, J. F., for the Intermountain Heart Collaborative Study Gr, (2007). Multiple Less Common Genetic Variants Explain the Association of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 2053-2060 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, J. M S, Choudhury, R. P (2007). Prospects for atherosclerosis regression through increase in high-density lipoprotein and other emerging therapeutic targets. Heart 93: 559-564 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kastelein, J. J.P., van Leuven, S. I., Burgess, L., Evans, G. W., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Barter, P. J., Revkin, J. H., Grobbee, D. E., Riley, W. A., Shear, C. L., Duggan, W. T., Bots, M. L., the RADIANCE 1 Investigators, (2007). Effect of Torcetrapib on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. NEJM 356: 1620-1630 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Popa, C., Netea, M. G., van Riel, P. L. C. M., van der Meer, J. W. M., Stalenhoef, A. F. H. (2007). The role of TNF-{alpha} in chronic inflammatory conditions, intermediary metabolism, and cardiovascular risk. J. Lipid Res. 48: 751-762 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nissen, S. E., Tardif, J.-C., Nicholls, S. J., Revkin, J. H., Shear, C. L., Duggan, W. T., Ruzyllo, W., Bachinsky, W. B., Lasala, G. P., Tuzcu, E. M., the ILLUSTRATE Investigators, (2007). Effect of Torcetrapib on the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis. NEJM 356: 1304-1316 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eichinger, S., Pecheniuk, N. M., Hron, G., Deguchi, H., Schemper, M., Kyrle, P. A., Griffin, J. H. (2007). High-Density Lipoprotein and the Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism. Circulation 115: 1609-1614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Steeg, W. A., Hovingh, G. K., Klerkx, A. H. E. M., Hutten, B. A., Nootenboom, I. C., Levels, J. H. M., van Tol, A., Dallinga-Thie, G. M., Zwinderman, A. H., Kastelein, J. J. P., Kuivenhoven, J. A. (2007). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hyperalphalipoproteinemia in Caucasians. J. Lipid Res. 48: 674-682 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sanossian, N., Saver, J. L., Navab, M., Ovbiagele, B. (2007). High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: An Emerging Target for Stroke Treatment. Stroke 38: 1104-1109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jensen, G. B., Hampton, J. (2007). Early termination of drug trials. BMJ 334: 326-326 [Full Text]  
• Nicholls, S. J., Tuzcu, E. M., Sipahi, I., Grasso, A. W., Schoenhagen, P., Hu, T., Wolski, K., Crowe, T., Desai, M. Y., Hazen, S. L., Kapadia, S. R., Nissen, S. E. (2007). Statins, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis. JAMA 297: 499-508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Klein, L. W. (2007). Atherosclerosis Regression, Vascular Remodeling, and Plaque Stabilization. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 271-273 [Full Text]  
• Shah, P. K. (2007). Inhibition of CETP as a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing the risk of atherosclerotic disease. Eur Heart J 28: 5-12 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Waxman, S., Ishibashi, F., Muller, J. E. (2006). Detection and Treatment of Vulnerable Plaques and Vulnerable Patients: Novel Approaches to Prevention of Coronary Events. Circulation 114: 2390-2411 [Full Text]  
• Davidson, M. H., McKenney, J. M., Shear, C. L., Revkin, J. H. (2006). Efficacy and Safety of Torcetrapib, a Novel Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Individuals With Below-Average High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 1774-1781 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milani, R. V., Lavie, C. J. (2006). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition: The Next Frontier in Combating Coronary Artery Disease?. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 1791-1792 [Full Text]  
• Fazio, S., Linton, M. F. (2006). Sorting Out The Complexities of Reverse Cholesterol Transport: CETP Polymorphisms, HDL, and Coronary Disease.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 3273-3275 [Full Text]  
• Kontush, A., Chapman, M. J. (2006). Functionally Defective High-Density Lipoprotein: A New Therapeutic Target at the Crossroads of Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis. Pharmacol. Rev. 58: 342-374 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Casquero, A. C., Berti, J. A., Salerno, A. G., Bighetti, E. J. B., Cazita, P. M., Ketelhuth, D. F. J., Gidlund, M., Oliveira, H. C. F. (2006). Atherosclerosis is enhanced by testosterone deficiency and attenuated by CETP expression in transgenic mice. J. Lipid Res. 47: 1526-1534 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wei, L, Murphy, M J, MacDonald, T M (2006). Impact on cardiovascular events of increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol with and without lipid lowering drugs. Heart 92: 746-751 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Millar, J. S., Brousseau, M. E., Diffenderfer, M. R., Hugh, P., Barrett, R., Welty, F. K., Faruqi, A., Wolfe, M. L., Nartsupha, C., Digenio, A. G., Mancuso, J. P., Dolnikowski, G. G., Schaefer, E. J., Rader, D. J. (2006). Effects of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor Torcetrapib on Apolipoprotein B100 Metabolism in Humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 1350-1356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tovar, J. M., Schering, D. B. (2006). Management of Dyslipidemia in Special Populations. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19: 63-78 [Abstract]  
• Rensen, P. C.N., Havekes, L. M. (2006). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition: Effect on Reverse Cholesterol Transport?. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 681-684 [Full Text]  
• Klerkx, A. H.E.M., Harchaoui, K. E., van der Steeg, W. A., Boekholdt, S. M., Stroes, E. S.G., Kastelein, J. J.P., Kuivenhoven, J. A. (2006). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Inhibition Beyond Raising High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Pathways by Which Modulation of CETP Activity May Alter Atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 706-715 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Watanabe, H., Soderlund, S., Soro-Paavonen, A., Hiukka, A., Leinonen, E., Alagona, C., Salonen, R., Tuomainen, T.-P., Ehnholm, C., Jauhiainen, M., Taskinen, M.-R. (2006). Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Particle Size, Pre{beta}-, and Large HDL Subspecies Concentration in Finnish Low-HDL Families: Relationship With Intima-Media Thickness. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 26: 897-902 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nicholls, S. J., Tuzcu, E. M., Sipahi, I., Schoenhagen, P., Crowe, T., Kapadia, S., Nissen, S. E. (2006). Relationship Between Atheroma Regression and Change in Lumen Size After Infusion of Apolipoprotein A-I Milano. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 992-997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clark, R. W., Ruggeri, R. B., Cunningham, D., Bamberger, M. J. (2006). Description of the torcetrapib series of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, including mechanism of action. J. Lipid Res. 47: 537-552 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Duffy, D., Rader, D. J. (2006). Emerging Therapies Targeting High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Circulation 113: 1140-1150 [Full Text]  
• Barter, P. J., Kastelein, J. J.P. (2006). Targeting Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 492-499 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Masson, D., Pais de Barros, J.-P., Zak, Z., Gautier, T., Le Guern, N., Assem, M., Chisholm, J. W., Paterniti, J. R. Jr., Lagrost, L. (2006). Human apoA-I expression in CETP transgenic rats leads to lower levels of apoC-I in HDL and to magnification of CETP-mediated lipoprotein changes. J. Lipid Res. 47: 356-365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rizzo, M., Berneis, K. (2006). Low-density lipoprotein size and cardiovascular risk assessment. QJM 99: 1-14 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ansell, B. J., Watson, K. E., Fogelman, A. M., Navab, M., Fonarow, G. C. (2005). High-Density Lipoprotein Function: Recent Advances. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1792-1798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stone, P. H. (2005). Update in Cardiology. ANN INTERN MED 143: 737-743 [Full Text]  
• Dumont, L., Gautier, T., de Barros, J.-P. P., Laplanche, H., Blache, D., Ducoroy, P., Fruchart, J., Fruchart, J.-C., Gambert, P., Masson, D., Lagrost, L. (2005). Molecular Mechanism of the Blockade of Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein by Its Physiological Inhibitor Apolipoprotein CI. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 38108-38116 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wild, S. H, Byrne, C. D (2005). Review: Treatment of lipids to reduce cardiovascular risk among people with the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 5: 315-319 [Abstract]  
• Bruckert, E. (2005). Impact of lipid treatment on cardiovascular risk reduction: new therapeutic targets. Eur Heart J Suppl 7: L16-L20 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Libby, P. (2005). The Forgotten Majority: Unfinished Business in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1225-1228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gauthier, A., Lau, P., Zha, X., Milne, R., McPherson, R. (2005). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Directly Mediates Selective Uptake of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesteryl Esters by the Liver. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 25: 2177-2184 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ashen, M. D., Blumenthal, R. S. (2005). Low HDL Cholesterol Levels. NEJM 353: 1252-1260 [Full Text]  
• Giugliano, R. P., Braunwald, E. (2005). The Year in Non--ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 906-919 [Full Text]  
• Deguchi, H., Pecheniuk, N. M., Elias, D. J., Averell, P. M., Griffin, J. H. (2005). High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency and Dyslipoproteinemia Associated With Venous Thrombosis in Men. Circulation 112: 893-899 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hovingh, G. K., Hutten, B. A., Holleboom, A. G., Petersen, W., Rol, P., Stalenhoef, A., Zwinderman, A. H., de Groot, E., Kastelein MD, J. J.P., Kuivenhoven, J. A. (2005). Compromised LCAT Function Is Associated With Increased Atherosclerosis. Circulation 112: 879-884 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Navab, M., Anantharamaiah, G.M., Hama, S., Hough, G., Reddy, S. T., Frank, J. S., Garber, D. W., Handattu, S., Fogelman, A. M. (2005). D-4F and Statins Synergize to Render HDL Antiinflammatory in Mice and Monkeys and Cause Lesion Regression in Old Apolipoprotein E-Null Mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 25: 1426-1432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lewis, G. F., Rader, D. J. (2005). New Insights Into the Regulation of HDL Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Circ. Res. 96: 1221-1232 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Avorn, J. (2005). Torcetrapib and Atorvastatin -- Should Marketing Drive the Research Agenda?. NEJM 352: 2573-2576 [Full Text]  
• Kolovou, G D, Anagnostopoulou, K K, Cokkinos, D V (2005). Pathophysiology of dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome. Postgrad. Med. J. 81: 358-366 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Futterman, L. G., Lemberg, L. (2005). Apo A-I Milano. Am J Crit Care 14: 244-247 [Full Text]  
• Nicholls, S. J., Nissen, S. E. (2005). Strategies to promote HDL-C: an emerging therapeutic target. Eur Heart J 26: 853-855 [Full Text]  
• Brousseau, M. E., Diffenderfer, M. R., Millar, J. S., Nartsupha, C., Asztalos, B. F., Welty, F. K., Wolfe, M. L., Rudling, M., Bjorkhem, I., Angelin, B., Mancuso, J. P., Digenio, A. G., Rader, D. J., Schaefer, E. J. (2005). Effects of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition on High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies, Apolipoprotein A-I Metabolism, and Fecal Sterol Excretion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 25: 1057-1064 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Forrester, J. S., Makkar, R., Shah, P.K. (2005). Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Dyslipidemia by Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition: An Update for Clinicians. Circulation 111: 1847-1854 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Birjmohun, R. S., Hutten, B. A., Kastelein, J. J.P., Stroes, E. S.G. (2005). Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 185-197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Whitney, E. J., Krasuski, R. A., Personius, B. E., Michalek, J. E., Maranian, A. M., Kolasa, M. W., Monick, E., Brown, B. G., Gotto, A. M. Jr. (2005). A Randomized Trial of a Strategy for Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Effects on Progression of Coronary Heart Disease and Clinical Events. ANN INTERN MED 142: 95-104 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Drexel, H., Aczel, S., Marte, T., Benzer, W., Langer, P., Moll, W., Saely, C. H. (2005). Is Atherosclerosis in Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Driven by Elevated LDL Cholesterol or by Decreased HDL Cholesterol?. Diabetes Care 28: 101-107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moreno, P. R., Fuster, V. (2004). The year in atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 2099-2110 [Full Text]  
• Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2004). Dyslipidemia and the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care 27: 3009-3016 [Full Text]  
• Shai, I., Rimm, E. B., Hankinson, S. E., Curhan, G., Manson, J. E., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., Ma, J. (2004). Multivariate Assessment of Lipid Parameters as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Among Postmenopausal Women: Potential Implications for Clinical Guidelines. Circulation 110: 2824-2830 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de Grooth, G. J., Klerkx, A. H. E. M., Stroes, E. S. G., Stalenhoef, A. F. H., Kastelein, J. J. P., Kuivenhoven, J. A. (2004). A review of CETP and its relation to atherosclerosis. J. Lipid Res. 45: 1967-1974 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brewer, H. B. Jr, Remaley, A. T., Neufeld, E. B., Basso, F., Joyce, C. (2004). Regulation of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Levels by the ABCA1 Transporter and the Emerging Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 24: 1755-1760 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, B., Fan, P., Shimoji, E., Xu, H., Takeuchi, K., Bian, C., Saku, K. (2004). Inhibition of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activity by JTT-705 Increases Apolipoprotein E-Containing High-Density Lipoprotein and Favorably Affects the Function and Enzyme Composition of High-Density Lipoprotein in Rabbits. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 24: 1910-1915 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wolfe, M. L., Rader, D. J. (2004). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Coronary Artery Disease: An Observation With Therapeutic Implications. Circulation 110: 1338-1340 [Full Text]  
• Boekholdt, S. M., Kuivenhoven, J.-A., Wareham, N. J., Peters, R. J.G., Jukema, J. W., Luben, R., Bingham, S. A., Day, N. E., Kastelein, J. J.P., Khaw, K.-T. (2004). Plasma Levels of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and the Risk of Future Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women: The Prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition)-Norfolk Population Study. Circulation 110: 1418-1423 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Criqui, M. H., Golomb, B. A. (2004). Low and lowered cholesterol and total mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1009-1010 [Full Text]  
• Thompson, G. R (2004). Is good cholesterol always good?. BMJ 329: 471-472 [Full Text]  
• Malik, I. (2004). JournalScan. Heart 90: 826-826 [Full Text]  
• Wang, N., Lan, D., Chen, W., Matsuura, F., Tall, A. R. (2004). ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 9774-9779 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• (2004). New Approach to Raising HDL Levels. Journal Watch Cardiology 2004: 1-1 [Full Text]  
• SoRelle, R. (2004). Cardiovascular News. Circulation 109: e9035-e9035 [Full Text]