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Previous Volume 350:2427 June 3, 2004 Number 23 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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By Elizabeth M. Armstrong. 277 pp. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. $42.95. ISBN 0-8018-7345-2.

Throughout history, pregnant women have been advised and admonished. The 18th-century handbook Rules and Cautions for the Conduct of Pregnant Women counseled pregnant women to avoid "agitation of the body from violent or improper exercise, as jolting in a carriage, riding on horseback, dancing," and "whatever disturbs the body or mind." Restrictions on maternal behavior continued to tighten in the early 20th century and were, more often than not, based on the cultural and social biases of the times. It was not until the latter half of the 20th century that epidemiologic research on the effect of such maternal behavior . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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