Background The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasedin people who have low birth weights and who subsequently becomeobese as adults. Whether their obesity originates in childhoodand, if so, at what age are unknown. Understanding the originof obesity may be especially important in developing countries,where type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing yet public healthmessages still focus on reducing childhood "undernutrition."
Methods We evaluated glucose tolerance and plasma insulin concentrationsin 1492 men and women 26 to 32 years of age who had been measuredat birth and at intervals of three to six months throughoutinfancy, childhood, and adolescence in a prospective, population-basedstudy.
Results The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 10.8percent, and that of diabetes was 4.4 percent. Subjects withimpaired glucose tolerance or diabetes typically had a low body-massindex up to the age of two years, followed by an early adiposityrebound (the age after infancy when body mass starts to rise)and an accelerated increase in body-mass index until adulthood.However, despite an increase in body-mass index between theages of 2 and 12 years, none of these subjects were obese atthe age of 12 years. The odds ratio for disease associated withan increase in the body-mass index of 1 SD from 2 to 12 yearsof age was 1.36 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.57;P<0.001).
Conclusions There is an association between thinness in infancyand the presence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes inyoung adulthood. Crossing into higher categories of body-massindex after the age of two years is also associated with thesedisorders.
Source Information
From the Department of Pediatrics, Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Delhi, India (S.K.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College (H.S.S., S.R.), the Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (R.L., D.P., K.S.R.), and the Indian Council of Medical Research (S.K.D.B.) — all in New Delhi, India; and the Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom (C.H.D.F., C.O., D.J.P.B.).
Address reprint requests to Prof. Sachdev at E-6/12 Vasant Vihar, New Delhi 110 057, India, or at hpssachdev{at}hotmail.com.
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