The mortality from acute neurologic disorders of childhood,such as status epilepticus and stroke, is highest in infantsunder one year of age.1,2 Certain forms of newborn brain injury,such as stroke, have an incidence as high as 1 in 4000 livebirths.3 More than 95 percent of infants who have a stroke surviveto adulthood, and many have residual motor or cognitive disabilities.Stroke and other forms of brain injury have a considerable effecton surviving babies, their families, and society. Since manyadult diseases have their origins in prenatal or early postnatallife,4 delineating the mechanisms underlying the . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Clinical Observations
Patterns of Injury
Oxidative Stress
Excitotoxicity
Inflammation
Apoptosis during HypoxicIschemic Injury to the Neonatal Brain
Genetic Effects
Clinical Syndromes
Neonatal Encephalopathy
Neonatal Seizures
Neonatal Stroke
Subtle Neonatal Syndromes
Insights from Neuroimaging
Interventions
Summary
Source Information
From the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Ferriero at the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Ave., C215, San Francisco, CA 94143-0663, or at dmf@itsa.ucsf.edu.
Wang, S., Wu, E.X., Cai, K., Lau, H.-F., Cheung, P.-T., Khong, P.-L.
(2009). Mild Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Neonatal Rat Brain: Longitudinal Evaluation of White Matter Using Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol.
30: 1907-1913
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ospina, L. H.
(2009). Cortical Visual Impairment. Pediatr. Rev.
30: e81-e90
[Full Text]
Villapol, S., Bonnin, P., Fau, S., Baud, O., Renolleau, S., Charriaut-Marlangue, C.
(2009). Unilateral Blood Flow Decrease Induces Bilateral and Symmetric Responses in the Immature Brain. Am. J. Pathol.
175: 2111-2120
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ginet, V., Puyal, J., Clarke, P. G.H., Truttmann, A. C.
(2009). Enhancement of Autophagic Flux after Neonatal Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia and Its Region-Specific Relationship to Apoptotic Mechanisms. Am. J. Pathol.
175: 1962-1974
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hotchkiss, R. S., Strasser, A., McDunn, J. E., Swanson, P. E.
(2009). Cell Death. NEJM
361: 1570-1583
[Full Text]
Liu, J., Feng, Z.-C.
(2009). Increased Umbilical Cord Plasma Interleukin-1{beta} Levels was Correlated with Adverse Outcomes of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy. J Trop Pediatr
0: fmp098v1-fmp098
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hagberg, H., Mallard, C., Rousset, C. I., Xiaoyang Wang,
(2009). Apoptotic Mechanisms in the Immature Brain: Involvement of Mitochondria. J Child Neurol
24: 1141-1146
[Abstract]
Buhimschi, C. S., Baumbusch, M. A., Dulay, A. T., Oliver, E. A., Lee, S., Zhao, G., Bhandari, V., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Weiner, C. P., Madri, J. A., Buhimschi, I. A.
(2009). Characterization of RAGE, HMGB1, and S100{beta} in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth and Fetal Tissue Injury. Am. J. Pathol.
175: 958-975
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zhu, C., Kang, W., Xu, F., Cheng, X., Zhang, Z., Jia, L., Ji, L., Guo, X., Xiong, H., Simbruner, G., Blomgren, K., Wang, X.
(2009). Erythropoietin Improved Neurologic Outcomes in Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatrics
124: e218-e226
[Abstract][Full Text]
Yang, D., Nemkul, N., Shereen, A., Jone, A., Dunn, R. S., Lawrence, D. A., Lindquist, D., Kuan, C.-Y.
(2009). Therapeutic Administration of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Prevents Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Newborns. J. Neurosci.
29: 8669-8674
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rafay, M. F., Cortez, M. A., deVeber, G. A., Tan-Dy, C., Al-Futaisi, A., Yoon, W., Fallah, S., Moore, A. M.
(2009). Predictive Value of Clinical and EEG Features in the Diagnosis of Stroke and Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates With Seizures. Stroke
40: 2402-2407
[Abstract][Full Text]
van Handel, M., Swaab, H., de Vries, L. S., Jongmans, M. J.
(2009). Behavioral Outcome in Children with a History of Neonatal Encephalopathy following Perinatal Asphyxia. J Pediatr Psychol
0: jsp049v1-jsp049
[Abstract][Full Text]
Lina Kurdahi Badr,
(2009). Statistical Versus Clinical Significance for Infants With Brain Injury: Reanalysis of Outcome Data From a Randomized Controlled Study. Clin Nurs Res
18: 136-152
[Abstract]
Lee, H.-T., Chang, Y.-C., Tu, Y.-F., Huang, C.-C.
(2009). VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 Signaling Leading to cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Phosphorylation Is a Shared Pathway Underlying the Protective Effect of Preconditioning on Neurons and Endothelial Cells. J. Neurosci.
29: 4356-4368
[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith, M., Elwell, C.
(2009). Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Shedding Light on the Injured Brain. Anesth. Analg.
108: 1055-1057
[Full Text]
Kurth, C. D., McCann, J. C., Wu, J., Miles, L., Loepke, A. W.
(2009). Cerebral Oxygen Saturation-Time Threshold for Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Piglets. Anesth. Analg.
108: 1268-1277
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hansmann, G., Haas, F., Sadiq, M., Brook, M., Gildein, H. P.
(2009). Arrival and survival of a 3-week-old boy from Pakistan with an arterial oxygen saturation of 17%. BMJ Case Reports
2009: bcr0720080500-bcr0720080500
[Abstract][Full Text]
Steinman, K. J., Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Glidden, D. V., Kramer, J. H., Miller, S. P., Barkovich, A. J., Ferriero, D. M.
(2009). Neonatal Watershed Brain Injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates With Verbal IQ at 4 Years. Pediatrics
123: 1025-1030
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kiessling, J. W., Cines, D. B., Higazi, A. A.-R., Armstead, W. M.
(2009). Inhibition of integrin {alpha}V{beta}3 prevents urokinase plasminogen activator-mediated impairment of cerebrovasodilation after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
296: H862-H867
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tanriverdi, F., De Bellis, A., Bizzarro, A., Sinisi, A. A., Bellastella, G., Pane, E., Bellastella, A., Unluhizarci, K., Selcuklu, A., Casanueva, F. F, Kelestimur, F.
(2008). Antipituitary antibodies after traumatic brain injury: is head trauma-induced pituitary dysfunction associated with autoimmunity?. Eur J Endocrinol
159: 7-13
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nijboer, C. H.A., Heijnen, C. J., Groenendaal, F., May, M. J., van Bel, F., Kavelaars, A.
(2008). Strong Neuroprotection by Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Involves Apoptotic Mechanisms but Is Independent of Cytokines. Stroke
39: 2129-2137
[Abstract][Full Text]
Degos, V., Loron, G., Mantz, J., Gressens, P.
(2008). Neuroprotective Strategies for the Neonatal Brain. Anesth. Analg.
106: 1670-1680
[Abstract][Full Text]
Wendland, M. F., Faustino, J., West, T., Manabat, C., Holtzman, D. M., Vexler, Z. S.
(2008). Early Diffusion-Weighted MRI as a Predictor of Caspase-3 Activation After Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in Neonatal Rodents. Stroke
39: 1862-1868
[Abstract][Full Text]
Adhami, F., Yu, D., Yin, W., Schloemer, A., Burns, K. A., Liao, G., Degen, J. L., Chen, J., Kuan, C.-Y.
(2008). Deleterious Effects of Plasminogen Activators in Neonatal Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia. Am. J. Pathol.
172: 1704-1716
[Abstract][Full Text]
Nijboer, C. H. A., Kavelaars, A., Vroon, A., Groenendaal, F., van Bel, F., Heijnen, C. J.
(2008). Low Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Sensitizes the Immature Brain to Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Gray and White Matter Damage. J. Neurosci.
28: 3324-3332
[Abstract][Full Text]
Huang, B. Y., Castillo, M.
(2008). Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Imaging Findings from Birth to Adulthood. RadioGraphics
28: 417-439
[Abstract][Full Text]
Koike, M., Shibata, M., Tadakoshi, M., Gotoh, K., Komatsu, M., Waguri, S., Kawahara, N., Kuida, K., Nagata, S., Kominami, E., Tanaka, K., Uchiyama, Y.
(2008). Inhibition of Autophagy Prevents Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Death after Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Am. J. Pathol.
172: 454-469
[Abstract][Full Text]
Back, S. A., Miller, S. P.
(2007). Cerebral White Matter Injury: The Changing Spectrum in Survivors of Preterm Birth. NeoReviews
8: e418-e424
[Abstract][Full Text]
Spitzmiller, R. E., Phillips, T., Meinzen-Derr, J., Hoath, S. B.
(2007). Amplitude-Integrated EEG Is Useful in Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Full-Term Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Meta-Analysis. J Child Neurol
22: 1069-1078
[Abstract]
Bartha, A.I., Yap, K.R.L., Miller, S.P., Jeremy, R.J., Nishimoto, M., Vigneron, D.B., Barkovich, A.J., Ferriero, D.M.
(2007). The Normal Neonatal Brain: MR Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and 3D MR Spectroscopy in Healthy Term Neonates. Am. J. Neuroradiol.
28: 1015-1021
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, J., Li, J., Gu, M.
(2007). The correlation between myocardial function and cerebral hemodynamics in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Trop Pediatr
53: 44-48
[Abstract][Full Text]
Back, S. A., Riddle, A., McClure, M. M.
(2007). Maturation-Dependent Vulnerability of Perinatal White Matter in Premature Birth. Stroke
38: 724-730
[Abstract][Full Text]
Martin, J. L., Ma, D., Hossain, M., Xu, J., Sanders, R.D., Franks, N. P., Maze, M.
(2007). Asynchronous administration of xenon and hypothermia significantly reduces brain infarction in the neonatal rat. Br J Anaesth
98: 236-240
[Abstract][Full Text]
Miller, S. P., Wu, Y. W., Lee, J., Lammer, E. J., Iovannisci, D. M., Glidden, D. V., Bonifacio, S. L., Collins, A., Shaw, G. M., Barkovich, A. J., Ferriero, D. M.
(2006). Candidate Gene Polymorphisms Do Not Differ Between Newborns With Stroke and Normal Controls. Stroke
37: 2678-2683
[Abstract][Full Text]
Groenendaal, F, Lammers, H, Smit, D, Nikkels, P G J
(2006). Nitrotyrosine in brain tissue of neonates after perinatal asphyxia. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.
91: F429-F433
[Abstract][Full Text]
Rotstein, M., Bassan, H., Kariv, N., Speiser, Z., Harel, S., Gozes, I.
(2006). NAP Enhances Neurodevelopment of Newborn Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Subjected to Hypoxia. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
319: 332-339
[Abstract][Full Text]
Chao, C. P., Zaleski, C. G., Patton, A. C.
(2006). Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Multimodality Imaging Findings. RadioGraphics
26: S159-S172
[Abstract][Full Text]
Back, S. A., Riddle, A., Hohimer, A. R.
(2006). Topical Review: Role of Instrumented Fetal Sheep Preparations in Defining the Pathogenesis of Human Periventricular White-Matter Injury. J Child Neurol
21: 582-589
[Abstract]
Shah, P. S., Beyene, J., To, T., Ohlsson, A., Perlman, M.
(2006). Postasphyxial Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates: Outcome Prediction Rule Within 4 Hours of Birth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
160: 729-736
[Abstract][Full Text]
Barkovich, A.J., Miller, S.P., Bartha, A., Newton, N., Hamrick, S.E.G., Mukherjee, P., Glenn, O.A., Xu, D., Partridge, J.C., Ferriero, D.M., Vigneron, D.B.
(2006). MR Imaging, MR Spectroscopy, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Sequential Studies in Neonates with Encephalopathy. Am. J. Neuroradiol.
27: 533-547
[Abstract][Full Text]
Blackmon, L. R., Stark, A. R., and the Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American A,
(2006). Hypothermia: A Neuroprotective Therapy for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatrics
117: 942-948
[Full Text]
Toet, M. C., Lemmers, P. M.A., van Schelven, L. J., van Bel, F.
(2006). Cerebral Oxygenation and Electrical Activity After Birth Asphyxia: Their Relation to Outcome. Pediatrics
117: 333-339
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ricci, M., Lombardi, P., Galindo, A., Vasquez, A., Zuccarelli, J., Rosenkranz, E.
(2005). Distribution of cardiac output and oxygen delivery in an acute animal model of single-ventricle physiology. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
130: 1062-1070
[Abstract][Full Text]
Armstead, W. M., Cines, D. B., Higazi, A. A.-R.
(2005). Plasminogen Activators Contribute to Impairment of Hypercapnic and Hypotensive Cerebrovasodilation After Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia in the Newborn Pig. Stroke
36: 2265-2269
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ricci, M., Lombardi, P., Galindo, A., Coscarella, E., Vasquez, A., Rosenkranz, E.
(2005). Single-Ventricle Physiology Reduces Cerebral Oxygen Delivery in a Piglet Model. Ann. Thorac. Surg.
80: 686-694
[Abstract][Full Text]
Kruszewski, S. P., Ferriero, D. M.
(2005). Neonatal Brain Injury. NEJM
352: 839-839
[Full Text]
(2005). From the Library. Br J Ophthalmol
89: 252-252
[Full Text]