The current shortfall in anticipated doses of vaccine for theupcoming influenza season1 makes the reports by Belshe et al.2and Kenney et al.3 in this issue of the Journal particularlytimely. These studies raise the possibility of using alternativeroutes of immunization (e.g., intradermal, as opposed to intramuscular,administration) with smaller doses of vaccine as a means of"stretching" available doses of influenza vaccine in times ofshortages. In addition, the studies indirectly raise provocativeissues regarding the potential effect of these alternative routesof immunization in targeting specialized cells of the immunesystem to enhance the immunogenicity of . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Source Information
This article was published at www.nejm.org on November 4, 2004.
From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
JOHNSON, S. M., KEREKES, K. M., LUNETTA, J. M., PAPPAGIANIS, D.
(2007). Characteristics of the Protective Subcellular Coccidioidal T27K Vaccine. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
1111: 275-289
[Abstract][Full Text]
Alarcon, J. B., Hartley, A. W., Harvey, N. G., Mikszta, J. A.
(2007). Preclinical Evaluation of Microneedle Technology for Intradermal Delivery of Influenza Vaccines. CVI
14: 375-381
[Abstract][Full Text]
Zoeteweij, J. P., Epperson, D. E., Porter, J. D., Zhang, C. X., Frolova, O. Y., Constantinides, A. P., Fuhrmann, S. R., El-Amine, M., Tian, J.-H., Ellingsworth, L. R., Glenn, G. M.
(2006). GM1 Binding-Deficient Exotoxin Is a Potent Noninflammatory Broad Spectrum Intradermal Immunoadjuvant. J. Immunol.
177: 1197-1207
[Abstract][Full Text]
Weller, T. H., Kilbourne, E. D., Manian, F. A., Belshe, R. B., Treanor, J., Dubin, G., Glenn, G. M., Kenney, R. T.
(2005). Intradermal Vaccination against Influenza. NEJM
352: 1044-1046
[Full Text]
(2004). Low Doses of Intradermal Flu Vaccine Perform Well. JWatch General
2004: 1-1
[Full Text]