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Previous Volume 352:78-84 January 6, 2005 Number 1 Next

	Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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In 1972, the federal government, no longer satisfied that America's social contract with its physicians could be shaped by self-regulation alone, began to weave a complex web of laws and regulations circumscribing the business practices of doctors. As a consequence, the government, with very few exceptions, prohibits physicians from referring their Medicare and Medicaid patients to freestanding entities in which a practitioner or a member of the practitioner's immediate family has an investment interest. One of these exceptions, known as the "whole-hospital exception," has become the subject of a serious dispute, because general hospitals strongly object to the use of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

The Emergence of Specialty Hospitals

Physicians as Investors

The Role of Self-Referral

Studies Mandated by Congress

A Temporary Compromise

Future Directions for Policy

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