Survival after Treatment of Rabies with Induction of Coma
Rodney E. Willoughby, Jr., M.D., Kelly S. Tieves, D.O., George M. Hoffman, M.D., Nancy S. Ghanayem, M.D., Catherine M. Amlie-Lefond, M.D., Michael J. Schwabe, M.D., Michael J. Chusid, M.D., and Charles E. Rupprecht, V.M.D., Ph.D.
We report the survival of a 15-year-old girl in whom clinicalrabies developed one month after she was bitten by a bat. Treatmentincluded induction of coma while a native immune response matured;rabies vaccine was not administered. The patient was treatedwith ketamine, midazolam, ribavirin, and amantadine. Probabledrug-related toxic effects included hemolysis, pancreatitis,acidosis, and hepatotoxicity. Lumbar puncture after eight daysshowed an increased level of rabies antibody, and sedation wastapered. Paresis and sensory denervation then resolved. Thepatient was removed from isolation after 31 days and dischargedto her home after 76 days. At nearly five months after her initialhospitalization, she was alert and communicative, but with choreoathetosis,dysarthria, and an unsteady gait.
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From the Departments of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (R.E.W., M.J.C.), Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (K.S.T., N.S.G.), Pediatric Anesthesiology (G.M.H.), and Pediatric Neurology (C.M.A.-L., M.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (C.E.R.). A related video is available at www.nejm.org
Address reprint requests to Dr. Willoughby at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Midwest Athletes against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center, Suite 3019, Milwaukee, WI 53226, or at rewillou{at}mail.mcw.edu.
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