In 2002, just three years after its appearance in the WesternHemisphere, West Nile virus caused the largest outbreak of arboviralencephalitis ever recorded in the United States.1 Epidemiologicinvestigations that year revealed that West Nile virus couldbe transmitted by blood transfusion,2 and mathematical modelssuggested that hundreds of transmissions had occurred.3 By July2003, shortly before a second seasonal outbreak of similar magnitudebegan, collaborations among blood-collection organizations,test-kit manufacturers, and government agencies culminated innear-universal screening of U.S. blood donations for West Nilevirus with the use of newly developed nucleic acid amplificationtests.
From the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colo. (L.R.P.); and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. (J.S.E.).
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