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In 1793, a massive epidemic of yellow fever terrorized Philadelphia. Frustrated by fruitless trials of sundry remedies, Dr. Benjamin Rush finally hit on a putative cure: plentiful bloodletting and purging with the use of the potent laxatives calomel and jalap. As Stephen Gehlbach dryly notes in his new book, the first patient "lost 3 pints of blood, the entire contents of his gastrointestinal tract, and any shreds of dignity. But he survived." Not everyone believed in Rush's gospel of phlebotomy and catharsis. The gloriously abusive journalist William Cobbett, writing under the pseudonym Peter Porcupine, pointed out that obstinate Philadelphians persisted
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