Hematopoiesis is the process that generates blood cells of alllineages. Calculations based on the blood volume and the leveland half-life of each type of blood cell in the circulationindicate that each day an adult produces approximately 200 billionerythrocytes, 100 billion leukocytes, and 100 billion platelets.Moreover, these rates can increase by a factor or 10 or morewhen the demand for blood cells increases.
In 1906, Carnot1 found that injecting healthy rabbits with serumfrom anemic animals prompted a rapid increase of erythrocytesin the recipients. The responsible humoral substance was firsttermed "hemopoietine" and was . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Lineage-Specific Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Erythropoietin
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Thrombopoietin
Hematopoietic Growth Factor Receptors
Forms of and Clinical Uses for Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Erythropoietin
G-CSF
Thrombopoietin
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Kaushansky at 402 Dickinson St., Suite 380, San Diego, CA 92103-8811.
Lee, J. H., Wang, C., Kim, C. H.
(2009). FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Splenic Extramedullary Myelopoiesis via Suppression of Hemopoietic Cytokine-Producing T Cells. J. Immunol.
183: 6377-6386
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tefferi, A., Verstovsek, S., Barosi, G., Passamonti, F., Roboz, G. J., Gisslinger, H., Paquette, R. L., Cervantes, F., Rivera, C. E., Deeg, H. J., Thiele, J., Kvasnicka, H. M., Vardiman, J. W., Zhang, Y., Bekele, B. N., Mesa, R. A., Gale, R. P., Kantarjian, H. M.
(2009). Pomalidomide Is Active in the Treatment of Anemia Associated With Myelofibrosis. JCO
27: 4563-4569
[Abstract][Full Text]
Sioud, M., Floisand, Y.
(2009). NOD2/CARD15 on bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic cells mediates induction of cytokines and cell differentiation. J. Leukoc. Biol.
85: 939-946
[Abstract][Full Text]
Roger, T., Calandra, T.
(2009). TLR2-mediated neutrophil depletion exacerbates bacterial sepsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106: 6889-6890
[Full Text]
Salter, A. B., Meadows, S. K., Muramoto, G. G., Himburg, H., Doan, P., Daher, P., Russell, L., Chen, B., Chao, N. J., Chute, J. P.
(2009). Endothelial progenitor cell infusion induces hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution in vivo. Blood
113: 2104-2107
[Abstract][Full Text]
Constantinescu, S. N.
(2009). Mpl and thrombocytosis: levels matter. Blood
113: 1617-1618
[Full Text]
Lannutti, B. J., Epp, A., Roy, J., Chen, J., Josephson, N. C.
(2009). Incomplete restoration of Mpl expression in the mpl-/- mouse produces partial correction of the stem cell-repopulating defect and paradoxical thrombocytosis. Blood
113: 1778-1785
[Abstract][Full Text]
Schechter, A. N.
(2008). Hemoglobin research and the origins of molecular medicine. Blood
112: 3927-3938
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ryu, M.-S., Lichten, L. A., Liuzzi, J. P., Cousins, R. J.
(2008). Zinc Transporters ZnT1 (Slc30a1), Zip8 (Slc39a8), and Zip10 (Slc39a10) in Mouse Red Blood Cells Are Differentially Regulated during Erythroid Development and by Dietary Zinc Deficiency. J. Nutr.
138: 2076-2083
[Abstract][Full Text]
Pozner, R., Schattner, M.
(2008). TPO signaling: when the tyrosines go marching in(side). Blood
112: 2171-2172
[Full Text]
Courneya, K. S., Jones, L. W., Peddle, C. J., Sellar, C. M., Reiman, T., Joy, A. A., Chua, N., Tkachuk, L., Mackey, J. R.
(2008). Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training in Anemic Cancer Patients Receiving Darbepoetin Alfa: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Oncologist
13: 1012-1020
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hamada, T., Matsuura, H., Oono, T., Morizane, S., Yamasaki, O., Asagoe, K., Yamamoto, T., Tsuji, K., Iwatsuki, K.
(2008). Karyotypic Analysis of Bone Marrow Cells in Pyodermic Lesions Associated With Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Arch Dermatol
144: 643-648
[Abstract][Full Text]
Liu, K., Kralovics, R., Rudzki, Z., Grabowska, B., Buser, A. S., Olcaydu, D., Gisslinger, H., Tiedt, R., Frank, P., Okon, K., van der Maas, A. P.C., Skoda, R. C.
(2008). A de novo splice donor mutation in the thrombopoietin gene causes hereditary thrombocythemia in a Polish family. haematol
93: 706-714
[Abstract][Full Text]
Tong, Q., Hirschler-Laszkiewicz, I., Zhang, W., Conrad, K., Neagley, D. W., Barber, D. L., Cheung, J. Y., Miller, B. A.
(2008). TRPC3 Is the Erythropoietin-regulated Calcium Channel in Human Erythroid Cells. J. Biol. Chem.
283: 10385-10395
[Abstract][Full Text]
Luc, S., Anderson, K., Kharazi, S., Buza-Vidas, N., Boiers, C., Jensen, C. T., Ma, Z., Wittmann, L., Jacobsen, S. E. W.
(2008). Down-regulation of Mpl marks the transition to lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors with gradual loss of granulocyte-monocyte potential. Blood
111: 3424-3434
[Abstract][Full Text]
Verstovsek, S., Manshouri, T., Quintas-Cardama, A., Harris, D., Cortes, J., Giles, F. J., Kantarjian, H., Priebe, W., Estrov, Z.
(2008). WP1066, a Novel JAK2 Inhibitor, Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Erythroid Human Cells Carrying the JAK2 V617F Mutation. Clin. Cancer Res.
14: 788-796
[Abstract][Full Text]
Italiano, J. E. Jr
(2008). Megakaryocyte and platelet biology: getting your FAKs straight. Blood
111: 482-483
[Full Text]
Bodo, E., Kromminga, A., Funk, W., Laugsch, M., Duske, U., Jelkmann, W., Paus, R.
(2007). Human hair follicles are an extrarenal source and a nonhematopoietic target of erythropoietin. FASEB J.
21: 3346-3354
[Abstract][Full Text]
Hibbs, M. L., Quilici, C., Kountouri, N., Seymour, J. F., Armes, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Dunn, A. R.
(2007). Mice Lacking Three Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF) Still Produce Macrophages and Granulocytes and Mount an Inflammatory Response in a Sterile Model of Peritonitis. J. Immunol.
178: 6435-6443
[Abstract][Full Text]
Horwitz, M. S., Duan, Z., Korkmaz, B., Lee, H.-H., Mealiffe, M. E., Salipante, S. J.
(2007). Neutrophil elastase in cyclic and severe congenital neutropenia. Blood
109: 1817-1824
[Abstract][Full Text]
Touw, I. P., Bontenbal, M.
(2007). Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: Key (F)actor or Innocent Bystander in the Development of Secondary Myeloid Malignancy?. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
99: 183-186
[Full Text]
Hershman, D., Neugut, A. I., Jacobson, J. S., Wang, J., Tsai, W.-Y., McBride, R., Bennett, C. L., Grann, V. R.
(2007). Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Following Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors During Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst
99: 196-205
[Abstract][Full Text]
Ferretti, G., Papaldo, P., Cognetti, F., Dale, D. C., Rosenberg, P. S., Alter, B. P., Kaushansky, K.
(2006). Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors.. NEJM
355: 526-527
[Full Text]