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Since the 1950s, cardiac biomarkers have provided physicians with important information for managing the care of patients suspected of having had an acute myocardial infarction. In addition to clinical symptoms and typical electrocardiographic changes, elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers, particularly creatine kinase MB, have been considered essential in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Over the past 15 years, other cardiac biomarkers have been identified, and they have proved useful in improving the diagnosis of a variety of cardiac diseases, in identifying persons at increased risk for a cardiovascular event, and in directing therapeutic decisions.
Given the many known cardiac
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