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Previous Volume 356:567-579 February 8, 2007 Number 6 Next

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text PowerPoint Slide Set Supplementary Material Perspective by Doerschuk, C. M. Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear

ABSTRACT

Background Increased mortality from infection in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurs in association with high levels of autoantibodies against granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We tested the hypothesis that neutrophil functions are impaired in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and that GM-CSF autoantibodies cause the dysfunction.

Methods We studied 12 subjects with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, 61 healthy control subjects, and 12 control subjects with either cystic fibrosis or end-stage liver disease. We also studied GM-CSF^–/– mice and wild-type mice. We evaluated basal neutrophil functions, neutrophil functions after priming by GM-CSF to augment antimicrobial functions, and the effects of highly purified GM-CSF autoantibodies on neutrophil functions in vitro and in vivo.

Results Neutrophils from subjects with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis had normal ultrastructure and differentiation markers but impaired basal functions and antimicrobial functions after GM-CSF priming. GM-CSF^–/– mice also had reduced basal neutrophil functions, but functions after GM-CSF priming were unimpaired. The neutrophil dysfunction characteristic of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was reproduced in a dose-dependent fashion in blood specimens from healthy control subjects after incubation with affinity-purified GM-CSF autoantibodies isolated from patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The injection of mouse GM-CSF antibodies into wild-type mice also caused neutrophil dysfunction.

Conclusions The antimicrobial functions of neutrophils are impaired in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, owing to the presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies. The effects of these autoantibodies show that GM-CSF is an essential regulator of neutrophil functions.

Source Information

From the Divisions of Pulmonary Biology (K.U., T.Y., S.A., M.K.S., B.C.C., S.E.W., D.M.H., B.C.T.), Pulmonary Medicine (P.-Y.B., J.T.P., B.C.T.), Experimental Hematology (M.-D.F.), and Gastroenterology (L.A.D.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (D.C.B., J.T.P., B.C.T.) — both in Cincinnati.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Trapnell at the Division of Pulmonary Biology, Rm. 4029, TCHRF, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, or at bruce.trapnell{at}cchmc.org.

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