The link between myocardial ischemia and obstructive atherosclerosisof the epicardial coronary arteries is well established, andcoronary angiography has demonstrated a relationship betweenthe severity and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) andsurvival. In the past two decades, however, a number of studieshave reported that abnormalities in the function and structureof the coronary microcirculation occur in many clinical conditions.In some instances these abnormalities represent epiphenomena,whereas in others they represent important markers of risk ormay even contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia,thus becoming therapeutic targets.1
Functional Anatomy of the Coronary Arterial System
Classification of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Microvascular Dysfunction without CAD or Myocardial Diseases
Cigarette Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes
Microvascular Angina
Microvascular Dysfunction with Myocardial Diseases
Primary (Genetic) Cardiomyopathies
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Secondary Cardiomyopathies
Arterial Hypertension
Aortic Stenosis
Infiltrative Heart Disease
Microvascular Dysfunction with Obstructive CAD
Stable CAD
Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-Segment Elevation
Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation
Iatrogenic Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London (P.G.C.); and the Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome (F.C.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Camici at the Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, or at paolo.camici@csc.mrc.ac.uk.
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