Hepatocellular carcinoma is an important disease worldwide,with an increasing incidence in the United States. The largemajority of cases occur in patients with chronic infection withhepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The relativerisk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBVor HCV infection is about 25 to 30 times that of those withoutinfection. The inflammatory immune response of the host to viralantigens induces hepatocyte damage, which is followed by theregeneration of hepatocytes and the development of fibrosisand cirrhosis — important features in the pathogenesisof hepatocellular carcinoma.
From the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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