To the Editor: Recent studies have shown a poor prognosis forpatients with heart failure who have a normal ejection fraction,1a finding that differs markedly from the results of randomized,controlled trials.2,3 This discrepancy requires an explanation.
Many patients with heart failure who have serious, common coexistingillnesses, such as pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, andrenal dysfunction (all of which are both markers and mediatorsof a worse outcome), are excluded from randomized, controlledtrials for two obvious reasons. First, heart failure with anormal ejection fraction is largely a diagnosis of exclusion,and patients with coexisting illnesses are . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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