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Pulmonary hypertension and its effects on right heart function have long been an enigma to most clinicians. However, remarkable progress has been made in recent years. We are now able to accurately classify the condition and have a better understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the pulmonary vascular remodeling that leads to elevated pulmonary-artery pressure and right heart failure. These achievements have led to the development of innovative medical therapies that target the dysfunctional pathways that are characteristic of the disease, as well as the development of surgical approaches that include lung transplantation and pulmonary endarterectomy. It is thus
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