Inflammatory Bowel Disease

doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804647

Volume 361:2066-2078		November 19, 2009		Number 21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Clara Abraham, M.D., and Judy H. Cho, M.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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PubMed Citation

The idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases comprise two typesof chronic intestinal disorders: Crohn's disease and ulcerativecolitis. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory boweldisease results from an inappropriate inflammatory responseto intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host. Geneticstudies highlight the importance of host–microbe interactionsin the pathogenesis of these diseases.¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹^,¹²^,¹³ Prominent among these genetic findings are genomic regionscontaining nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2),¹⁴ autophagygenes,⁴^,⁷^,⁸^,¹⁰ and components of the interleukin-23–type17 helper T-cell (Th17) pathway.² The NOD2 protein is an intracellularsensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, and autophagy enables cellsto regulate and degrade diverse intracellular components, including. . . [Full Text of this Article]

The Intestinal Immune System

The Intestinal Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The Intestinal Epithelium

The Inflammatory Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Innate Immune Recognition

CD4+ T Cells

B Cells

Intestinal Vasculature and Leukocyte Migration

Innate-Immune-Response Genes and Crohn's Disease

NOD2 and Crohn's Disease

Autophagy Genes and Crohn's Disease

Adaptive Immunity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Alterations in T-Cell Tolerance

Th17 Cells and Interleukin-23 Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Comparative Gene Association Studies in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Therapeutic Implications

Source Information

From the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Cho at the Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., 1080 LMP, New Haven, CT 06520, or at judy.cho@yale.edu or clara.abraham@yale.edu.