FREE NEJM E-TOC    HOME   |   SUBSCRIBE   |   CURRENT ISSUE   |   PAST ISSUES   |   COLLECTIONS   |   Search Term  Advanced Search

Sign in | Get NEJM's E-Mail Table of Contents — Free | Subscribe

Previous Volume 352:1179-1189 March 24, 2005 Number 12 Next

	Full Text PDF PDA Full Text PowerPoint Slide Set Add to Personal Archive Add to Citation Manager Notify a Friend E-mail When Cited E-mail When Letters Appear PubMed Citation

ABSTRACT

Background A substantial proportion of patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation have inadequate reperfusion or reocclusion of the infarct-related artery, leading to an increased risk of complications and death.

Methods We enrolled 3491 patients, 18 to 75 years of age, who presented within 12 hours after the onset of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction and randomly assigned them to receive clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose, followed by 75 mg once daily) or placebo. Patients received a fibrinolytic agent, aspirin, and when appropriate, heparin (dispensed according to body weight) and were scheduled to undergo angiography 48 to 192 hours after the start of study medication. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of an occluded infarct-related artery (defined by a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade of 0 or 1) on angiography or death or recurrent myocardial infarction before angiography.

Results The rates of the primary efficacy end point were 21.7 percent in the placebo group and 15.0 percent in the clopidogrel group, representing an absolute reduction of 6.7 percentage points in the rate and a 36 percent reduction in the odds of the end point with clopidogrel therapy (95 percent confidence interval, 24 to 47 percent; P<0.001). By 30 days, clopidogrel therapy reduced the odds of the composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent myocardial infarction, or recurrent ischemia leading to the need for urgent revascularization by 20 percent (from 14.1 to 11.6 percent, P=0.03). The rates of major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage were similar in the two groups.

Conclusions In patients 75 years of age or younger who have myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and who receive aspirin and a standard fibrinolytic regimen, the addition of clopidogrel improves the patency rate of the infarct-related artery and reduces ischemic complications.

Source Information

From the TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.S.S., C.P.C., C.M.G., C.H.M., E.B.); Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid (J.L.L.-S.); Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris (G.M.); the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (P.T.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (M.J.C.); Academisch Ziekenhuis Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium (F.C.); and Nottingham Clinical Research Group, Nottingham, United Kingdom (K.A.H., A.M.S.).

This article was published at www.nejm.org on March 9, 2005.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Sabatine at the TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, or at msabatine{at}partners.org.

Full Text of this Article

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Dudek, D., Rakowski, T., Dziewierz, A., Kleczynski, P. (2008). PCI after lytic therapy: when and how?. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: J15-J20 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berger, J. S., Frye, C. B., Harshaw, Q., Edwards, F. H., Steinhubl, S. R., Becker, R. C. (2008). Impact of Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Requiring Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Multicenter Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1693-1701 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goldman, L., Gaspoz, J.-M. (2008). Cost-Effectiveness of Clopidogrel: Seeing through the Smoke. Med Decis Making 28: 803-809 [Abstract]  
• Zimarino, M., De Caterina, R. (2008). Long-term treatment strategies for atherothrombotic disease: do platelets define the course?. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: I8-I13 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Husted, S. (2008). Benefits and risks with antiplatelet therapy: how great a problem is bleeding?. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: I19-I24 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vlaar, P. J., Svilaas, T., Damman, K., de Smet, B. J.G.L., Tijssen, J. G.P., Hillege, H. L., Zijlstra, F. (2008). Impact of Pretreatment With Clopidogrel on Initial Patency and Outcome in Patients Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review. Circulation 118: 1828-1836 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eikelboom, J. W., Hankey, G. J., Thom, J., Bhatt, D. L., Steg, P. G., Montalescot, G., Johnston, S. C., Steinhubl, S. R., Mak, K.-H., Easton, J. D., Hamm, C., Hu, T., Fox, K. A.A., Topol, E. J., on behalf of the Clopidogrel for High Atherothromb, (2008). Incomplete Inhibition of Thromboxane Biosynthesis by Acetylsalicylic Acid: Determinants and Effect on Cardiovascular Risk. Circulation 118: 1705-1712 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McKellar, S. H., Thompson, J. L. III, Garcia-Rinaldi, R. F., MacDonald, R. J., Sundt, T. M. III, Schaff, H. V. (2008). Short- and long-term efficacy of aspirin and clopidogrel for thromboprophylaxis for mechanical heart valves: an in vivo study in swine.. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 136: 908-914 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mauri, L., Silbaugh, T. S., Garg, P., Wolf, R. E., Zelevinsky, K., Lovett, A., Varma, M. R., Zhou, Z., Normand, S.-L. T. (2008). Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stents for Acute Myocardial Infarction. NEJM 359: 1330-1342 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shishehbor, M. H., Goel, S. S., Kapadia, S. R., Bhatt, D. L., Kelly, P., Raymond, R. E., Galla, J. M., Brener, S. J., Whitlow, P. L., Ellis, S. G. (2008). Long-Term Impact of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents on All-Cause Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1041-1048 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stone, G. W. (2008). Angioplasty Strategies in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Part I: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Circulation 118: 538-551 [Full Text]  
• Bates, E. R., Nallamothu, B. K. (2008). Commentary: The Role of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 118: 567-573 [Full Text]  
• White, H. D. (2008). Systems of Care: Need for Hub-and-Spoke Systems for Both Primary and Systematic Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Fibrinolysis. Circulation 118: 219-222 [Full Text]  
• Dunning, J., Versteegh, M., Fabbri, A., Pavie, A., Kolh, P., Lockowandt, U., Nashef, S. A.M., on behalf of the EACTS Audit and Guidelines Commit, (2008). Guideline on antiplatelet and anticoagulation management in cardiac surgery.. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 34: 73-92 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sullivan, J., Amarshi, N. (2008). Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 65: 1134-1143 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schiele, F., Meneveau, N., Bassand, J.-P. (2008). Routine pre-treatment with clopidogrel before diagnostic coronary angiography: the question is right, but what about the answer?. Eur Heart J 29: 1475-1477 [Full Text]  
• Weintraub, W. S. (2008). Pharmacoeconomic Concepts in Antiplatelet Therapy: Understanding Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Using Clopidogrel as an Example. J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THER 13: 107-119 [Abstract]  
• Patrono, C., Baigent, C., Hirsh, J., Roth, G. (2008). Antiplatelet Drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133: 199S-233S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Goodman, S. G., Menon, V., Cannon, C. P., Steg, G., Ohman, E. M., Harrington, R. A. (2008). Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133: 708S-775S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Becker, R. C., Meade, T. W., Berger, P. B., Ezekowitz, M., O'Connor, C. M., Vorchheimer, D. A., Guyatt, G. H., Mark, D. B., Harrington, R. A. (2008). The Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133: 776S-814S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Toyoda, K., Yasaka, M., Iwade, K., Nagata, K., Koretsune, Y., Sakamoto, T., Uchiyama, S., Gotoh, J., Nagao, T., Yamamoto, M., Takahashi, J. C., Minematsu, K., for the Bleeding with Antithrombotic Therapy (BAT), (2008). Dual Antithrombotic Therapy Increases Severe Bleeding Events in Patients With Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study. Stroke 39: 1740-1745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morrow, D. A. (2008). Antithrombotic Therapy to Support Primary PCI. NEJM 358: 2280-2282 [Full Text]  
• Cairns, J. A., Eikelboom, J. (2008). Clopidogrel Resistance: More Grist for the Mill. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 1935-1937 [Full Text]  
• Busk, M., Maeng, M., Rasmussen, K., Kelbaek, H., Thayssen, P., Abildgaard, U., Vigholt, E., Mortensen, L. S., Thuesen, L., Kristensen, S. D., Nielsen, T. T., Andersen, H. R., for the DANAMI-2 Investigators, (2008). The Danish multicentre randomized study of fibrinolytic therapy vs. primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (the DANAMI-2 trial): outcome after 3 years follow-up. Eur Heart J 29: 1259-1266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bassand, J.-P. (2008). Unmet needs in antiplatelet therapy. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: D3-D11 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sabatine, M. S., Morrow, D. A., Higgins, L. J., MacGillivray, C., Guo, W., Bode, C., Rifai, N., Cannon, C. P., Gerszten, R. E., Lee, R. T. (2008). Complementary Roles for Biomarkers of Biomechanical Strain ST2 and N-Terminal Prohormone B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 117: 1936-1944 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kapoor, J. R., Patrono, C., Davi, G. (2008). Platelet Activation and Atherothrombosis. NEJM 358: 1638-1639 [Full Text]  
• O'Donoghue, M., Morrow, D. A., Cannon, C. P., Guo, W., Murphy, S. A., Gibson, C. M., Sabatine, M. S. (2008). Association between baseline neutrophil count, clopidogrel therapy, and clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Eur Heart J 29: 984-991 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• BAKHRU, M. R., BHATT, D. L. (2008). INTERPRETING THE CHARISMA STUDY: What is the role of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin?. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 75: 289-295 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Henriksen, P. A., Palmer, K., Boon, N. A. (2008). Management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage complicating dual anti-platelet therapy. QJM 101: 261-267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reaume, K. T, Regal, R. E, Dorsch, M. P (2008). Indications for Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Aspirin and Clopidogrel: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Use. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42: 550-557 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Michelson, A. D. (2008). P2Y12 Antagonism: Promises and Challenges. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 28: s33-s38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gibson, C. M., Pride, Y. B., Buros, J. L., Lord, E., Shui, A., Murphy, S. A., Pinto, D. S., Zimetbaum, P. J., Sabatine, M. S., Cannon, C. P., Josephson, M. E., for the TIMI Study Group, (2008). Association of impaired thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade with ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 546-551 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, J. S., Yow, E., Berezny, K. Y., Bokesch, P. M., Takahashi, M., Graham, T. P. Jr, Sanders, S. P., Sidi, D., Bonnet, D., Ewert, P., Jennings, L. K., Michelson, A. D., for the PICOLO Investigators, (2008). Dosing of Clopidogrel for Platelet Inhibition in Infants and Young Children: Primary Results of the Platelet Inhibition in Children On cLOpidogrel (PICOLO) Trial. Circulation 117: 553-559 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• American College of Cardiology/American Heart Asso, , Developed in Collaboration With the Canadian Cardi, , Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physici, , 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Upda, , Antman, E. M., Hand, M., Armstrong, P. W., Bates, E. R., Green, L. A., Halasyamani, L. K., Hochman, J. S., Krumholz, H. M., Lamas, G. A., Mullany, C. J., Pearle, D. L., Sloan, M. A., Smith, S. C. JR (2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 210-247 [Full Text]  
• American College of Cardiology/American Heart Asso, , 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Upda, , King, S. B. III, Smith, S. C. Jr, Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Morrison, D. A., Williams, D. O. (2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 51: 172-209 [Full Text]  
• Antman, E. M., Hand, M., Armstrong, P. W., Bates, E. R., Green, L. A., Halasyamani, L. K., Hochman, J. S., Krumholz, H. M., Lamas, G. A., Mullany, C. J., Pearle, D. L., Sloan, M. A., Smith, S. C. Jr, 2004 Writing Committee Members, , Antman, E. M., Anbe, D. T., Armstrong, P. W., Bates, E. R., Green, L. A., Hand, M., Hochman, J. S., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lamas, G. A., Mullany, C. J., Ornato, J. P., Pearle, D. L., Sloan, M. A., Smith, S. C. Jr, Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Buller, C. E., Creager, M. A., Ettinger, S. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Tarkington, L. G., Yancy, C. W. (2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee. Circulation 117: 296-329 [Full Text]  
• King, S. B. III, Smith, S. C. Jr, Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Morrison, D. A., Williams, D. O., 2005 WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS, , Smith, S. C. Jr, Feldman, T. E., Hirshfeld, J. W. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Kern, M. J., King, S. B. III, Morrison, D. A., O'Neill, W. W., Schaff, H. V., Whitlow, P. L., Williams, D. O., Smith, S. C. Jr, Jacobs, A. K., Adams, C. D., Anderson, J. L., Buller, C. E., Creager, M. A., Ettinger, S. M., Halperin, J. L., Hunt, S. A., Krumholz, H. M., Kushner, F. G., Lytle, B. W., Nishimura, R., Page, R. L., Riegel, B., Tarkington, L. G., Yancy, C. W. (2008). 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Writing on Behalf of the 2005 Writing Committee. Circulation 117: 261-295 [Full Text]  
• Gitt, A. K., Betriu, A. (2008). Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: A4-A12 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bode, C., Huber, K. (2008). Antiplatelet therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: A13-A20 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bertrand, M. E. (2008). When and how to discontinue antiplatelet therapy. Eur Heart J Suppl 10: A35-A41 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jones, J B, Docherty, A (2007). Non-invasive treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction. Postgrad. Med. J. 83: 725-730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bhatt, D. L. (2007). Intensifying Platelet Inhibition -- Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis. NEJM 357: 2078-2081 [Full Text]  
• Wiviott, S. D., Braunwald, E., McCabe, C. H., Montalescot, G., Ruzyllo, W., Gottlieb, S., Neumann, F.-J., Ardissino, D., De Servi, S., Murphy, S. A., Riesmeyer, J., Weerakkody, G., Gibson, C. M., Antman, E. M., the TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators, (2007). Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. NEJM 357: 2001-2015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cannon, C. P., Husted, S., Harrington, R. A., Scirica, B. M., Emanuelsson, H., Peters, G., Storey, R. F., for the DISPERSE-2 Investigators, (2007). Safety, Tolerability, and Initial Efficacy of AZD6140, the First Reversible Oral Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Antagonist, Compared With Clopidogrel, in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Primary Results of the DISPERSE-2 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 1844-1851 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bhatt, D. L., Flather, M. D., on behalf of the CHARISMA Executive Committee and, (2007). Reply. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 1704-1705 [Full Text]  
• Dobrzycki, S., Kralisz, P., Nowak, K., Prokopczuk, P., Kochman, W., Korecki, J., Poniatowski, B., Zuk, J., Sitniewska, E., Bachorzewska-Gajewska, H., Sienkiewicz, J., Musial, W. J (2007). Transfer with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban for primary percutaneous coronary intervention vs. on-site thrombolysis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): a randomized open-label study for patients admitted to community hospitals. Eur Heart J 28: 2438-2448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, T. H., Bhatt, D. L., Fox, K. A.A., Steinhubl, S. R., Brennan, D. M., Hacke, W., Mak, K.-H., Pearson, T. A., Boden, W. E., Steg, P. G., Flather, M. D., Montalescot, G., Topol, E. J., on behalf of the CHARISMA Investigators, (2007). An analysis of mortality rates with dual-antiplatelet therapy in the primary prevention population of the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J 28: 2200-2207 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Donahoe, S. M., Stewart, G. C., McCabe, C. H., Mohanavelu, S., Murphy, S. A., Cannon, C. P., Antman, E. M. (2007). Diabetes and Mortality Following Acute Coronary Syndromes. JAMA 298: 765-775 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Van de Werf, F. (2007). Dual antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients. Eur Heart J Suppl 9: D3-D9 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schneider, D. J., Sobel, B. E. (2007). Conundrums in the Combined Use of Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs. Circulation 116: 305-315 [Full Text]  
• Kiernan, T. J., Ting, H. H., Gersh, B. J. (2007). Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention: current concepts, promises, and pitfalls. Eur Heart J 28: 1545-1553 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sabatine, M. S., Morrow, D. A., Dalby, A., Pfisterer, M., Duris, T., Lopez-Sendon, J., Murphy, S. A., Gao, R., Antman, E. M., Braunwald, E., for the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Investigators, (2007). Efficacy and Safety of Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Also Treated With Clopidogrel. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 2256-2263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fox, K. A.A., Antman, E. M., Montalescot, G., Agewall, S., SomaRaju, B., Verheugt, F. W.A., Lopez-Sendon, J., Hod, H., Murphy, S. A., Braunwald, E. (2007). The Impact of Renal Dysfunction on Outcomes in the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 2249-2255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Birnbaum, Y., Lin, Y., Ye, Y., Martinez, J. D., Huang, M.-H., Lui, C. Y., Perez-Polo, J. R, Uretsky, B. F. (2007). Aspirin before reperfusion blunts the infarct size limiting effect of atorvastatin. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 292: H2891-H2897 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spinler, S. A. (2007). Managing acute coronary syndrome: Evidence-based approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm 64: S14-S24 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alexander, K. P., Newby, L. K., Cannon, C. P., Armstrong, P. W., Gibler, W. B., Rich, M. W., Van de Werf, F., White, H. D., Weaver, W. D., Naylor, M. D., Gore, J. M., Krumholz, H. M., Ohman, E. M. (2007). Acute Coronary Care in the Elderly, Part I: Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: In Collaboration With the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115: 2549-2569 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alexander, K. P., Newby, L. K., Armstrong, P. W., Cannon, C. P., Gibler, W. B., Rich, M. W., Van de Werf, F., White, H. D., Weaver, W. D., Naylor, M. D., Gore, J. M., Krumholz, H. M., Ohman, E. M. (2007). Acute Coronary Care in the Elderly, Part II: ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: In Collaboration With the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115: 2570-2589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meadows, T. A., Bhatt, D. L. (2007). Clinical Aspects of Platelet Inhibitors and Thrombus Formation. Circ. Res. 100: 1261-1275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aronow, W. S. (2007). Use of Antiplatelet Drugs in Secondary Prevention in Older Persons With Atherothrombotic Disease. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62: 518-524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maree, A. O., Fitzgerald, D. J. (2007). Variable Platelet Response to Aspirin and Clopidogrel in Atherothrombotic Disease. Circulation 115: 2196-2207 [Full Text]  
• Angiolillo, D. J., Fernandez-Ortiz, A., Bernardo, E., Alfonso, F., Macaya, C., Bass, T. A., Costa, M. A. (2007). Variability in Individual Responsiveness to Clopidogrel: Clinical Implications, Management, and Future Perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 1505-1516 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fernandez-Aviles, F., Alonso, J. J., Pena, G., Blanco, J., Alonso-Briales, J., Lopez-Mesa, J., Fernandez-Vazquez, F., Moreu, J., Hernandez, R. A., Castro-Beiras, A., Gabriel, R., Gibson, C. M., Sanchez, P. L., for the GRACIA-2 (Grupo de Analisis de la Cardiopa, (2007). Primary angioplasty vs. early routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: the GRACIA-2 non-inferiority, randomized, controlled trial. Eur Heart J 28: 949-960 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eshaghian, S., Kaul, S., Amin, S., Shah, P. K., Diamond, G. A. (2007). Role of Clopidogrel in Managing Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. ANN INTERN MED 146: 434-441 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clappers, N, Brouwer, M A, Verheugt, F W A (2007). Antiplatelet treatment for coronary heart disease. Heart 93: 258-265 [Full Text]  
• Keeley, E. C., Hillis, L. D. (2007). Primary PCI for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation. NEJM 356: 47-54 [Full Text]  
• Page, N. A, Schroeder, W. S (2007). Rapid Desensitization Protocols for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Aspirin Hypersensitivity in an Era of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41: 61-67 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dzau, V. J., Antman, E. M., Black, H. R., Hayes, D. L., Manson, J. E., Plutzky, J., Popma, J. J., Stevenson, W. (2006). The Cardiovascular Disease Continuum Validated: Clinical Evidence of Improved Patient Outcomes: Part II: Clinical Trial Evidence (Acute Coronary Syndromes Through Renal Disease) and Future Directions. Circulation 114: 2871-2891 [Full Text]  
• Lanas, A, Garcia-Rodriguez, L A, Arroyo, M T, Gomollon, F, Feu, F, Gonzalez-Perez, A, Zapata, E, Bastida, G, Rodrigo, L, Santolaria, S, Guell, M, de Argila, C M, Quintero, E, Borda, F, Pique, J M, on behalf of the Investigators of the Asociacion E, (2006). Risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding associated with selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, traditional non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and combinations. Gut 55: 1731-1738 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Donoghue, M., Wiviott, S. D. (2006). Clopidogrel Response Variability and Future Therapies: Clopidogrel: Does One Size Fit All?. Circulation 114: e600-e606 [Full Text]  
• Zeymer, U., Gitt, A. K., Junger, C., Heer, T., Wienbergen, H., Koeth, O., Bauer, T., Mark, B., Zahn, R., Gottwik, M., Senges, J., for the Acute COronary Syndromes (ACOS) registry i, (2006). Effect of clopidogrel on 1-year mortality in hospital survivors of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 27: 2661-2666 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ting, H. H., Yang, E. H., Rihal, C. S. (2006). Narrative review: reperfusion strategies for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.. ANN INTERN MED 145: 610-617 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rapaport, E. (2006). Update in cardiology.. ANN INTERN MED 145: 618-625 [Full Text]  
• Ballew, K. A (2006). Clopidogrel plus aspirin did not differ from aspirin alone for reducing MI, stroke, and CV death in high risk atherothrombosis. Evid. Based Med. 11: 143-143 [Full Text]  
• Sabatine, M. S. (2006). Clopidogrel in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: G31-G34 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eikelboom, J. W., Hirsh, J. (2006). Bleeding and management of bleeding. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: G38-G45 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bertrand, M. E., Van Belle, E. (2006). Triple antiplatelet treatment in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Suppl 8: G59-G63 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kereiakes, D. J., Antman, E. M. (2006). Clinical Guidelines and Practice: In Search of the Truth. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 1129-1135 [Abstract] [Full Text]