September 4, 2003
September 4, 2003
Chronic Renal Failure after Transplantation of a Nonrenal Organ |
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Inhibition of Food Intake in Obese Subjects by Peptide YY3–36 The gut hormone peptide YY3–36 (PYY) has been shown to decrease appetite and caloric intake in subjects of normal weight, but it was not known whether obese people are resistant to PYY, as they are to leptin. In this double-blind, controlled, crossover trial, PYY levels were lower in obese subjects than in lean subjects. Infusion of PYY decreased appetite and food intake in both lean and obese subjects. PYY reduces caloric intake in obese subjects and may have a role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Office-Based Treatment of Opiate Addiction with Sublingual Buprenorphine and Naloxone In a randomized, multicenter trial, office-based treatment of opiate-addicted persons for one month with buprenorphine or a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone (to discourage parenteral abuse of buprenorphine) was superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of opiate-positive urine tests and opiate cravings. Open-label follow-up for up to 52 weeks confirmed that the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone was safe and well tolerated. Buprenorphine alone and buprenorphine and naloxone in combination appear to be useful and safe for office-based treatment of opiate addiction.
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Oxygen-Saturation Targets in Extremely Preterm Infants In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, extremely preterm infants (born at less than 30 weeks of gestation) who remained dependent on supplemental oxygen at 32 weeks of postmenstrual age did not benefit from the use of a target oxygen-saturation range of 95 to 98 percent, as compared with the standard target range of 91 to 94 percent. In extremely preterm infants, there is no survival benefit associated with increasing oxygen saturation above 91 percent.
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Genomic Medicine: Genomics as a Probe for Disease Biology The use of genomic techniques has led to insights into the pathobiology of both common and uncommon diseases. This last installment in the Genomic Medicine series provides a number of examples of the ways in which genomics has served as a probe for disease biology.
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Mechanisms of Disease: Drug Addiction The neuropsychiatric mechanisms of drug addiction are complex, fascinating, and clinically important. This article reviews the genetic factors, receptor-mediated processes, and anatomical structures involved in drug addiction. Major advances in understanding the biologic basis of drug addiction have been made in the past five years.
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Anatomy of a Diagnosis A 33-year-old man presented for evaluation of hemoptysis. He had been in his usual state of health until the day of presentation, when he had a transient cough productive of one tablespoon (approximately 15 ml) of bright red blood. He did not have associated chest pain or dyspnea. He reported that he had not had recent weight loss, fever, illness, or trauma and that he did not have a history of bleeding.
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