In an analysis of data from the observational Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study obtained a mean of 17 years after the end of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease was far lower among patients with type 1 diabetes who received intensive therapy than among those who received conventional therapy. Intensive diabetes therapy has long-term beneficial effects on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.

In this study of patients with colorectal cancer, pathological signs of early metastatic invasion augured a poor prognosis, whereas the absence of these signs was associated with a good prognosis. Patients whose tumors had no signs of early metastatic invasion had evidence of a T-cell–driven immune response.

Influenza A (H5N1) virus with an amino acid substitution in neuraminidase that conferred high-level resistance to oseltamivir was isolated from two Vietnamese patients who died of influenza despite antiviral treatment. Resistance to oseltamivir can emerge with treatment that is initiated early and at the recommended dose. These findings may have therapeutic implications for the control of avian influenza.

In this large case–control study, disciplinary action among practicing physicians was found to be associated with nonprofessional behavior among students in medical school. The strongest associations were with severe irresponsibility during medical school. The findings underscore the need to evaluate medical school applicants and, once they have matriculated, to teach and instill professionalism as a critical component of the medical school curriculum.

The therapeutic promise of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator, remains uncertain for adults, and licensed indications are restricted to pediatric practice. This review considers the biologic actions of inhaled nitric oxide, the clinical indications for its administration in adults, and an assessment of its potential therapeutic development.

A 63-year-old woman from Cameroon was referred to infectious-disease specialists because of a positive serologic test for syphilis and persistent peripheral-blood eosinophilia. In addition, a routine chest radiograph had shown a dilated aorta with calcification. Stool examination disclosed parasitic infections, which were treated, but eosinophilia persisted. A diagnostic test was performed.

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant commonly used to treat transplant recipients. A recent study suggests that it renders the DNA of skin cells more sensitive to ultraviolet A radiation.