Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide; no effective vaccine is available. In this phase 2 randomized, double-blind study of 894 children in Kenya and Tanzania, the RTS,S malaria vaccine given with the AS01E adjuvant was found to have an adjusted rate of efficacy in preventing clinical malaria of 52.9%.

In this double-blind study of 340 infants in Tanzania, the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02D was compared with the hepatitis B vaccine and coadministered with the standard infant vaccines. No safety concerns were identified, and the immune responses to the coadministered vaccine antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b) were noninferior.

In this open-label study of four regimens (chloroquine–sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, artesunate–sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine, and artemether–lumefantrine) to treat children with malaria in Papua New Guinea, artemether–lumefantrine was found to be the most efficacious for treating falciparum malaria, and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine the most efficacious for vivax malaria.

This study genotyped children for an obesity-associated variant of the FTO gene and measured adiposity, energy expenditure, and food intake in a subsample. This variant does not appear to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure but may play a role in the control of food intake and food choice.

This trial tested the influence of aspirin or resistant starch on the incidence of colorectal cancer or colonic adenomas in patients with the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer). Neither intervention influenced the incidence of colorectal neoplasms in the Lynch syndrome.

Fever developed in a previously healthy 15-year-old girl, with a peak temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) and mild upper respiratory congestion. Oseltamivir therapy was initiated, but the fever persisted, and she began to vomit. She was taken to an emergency room, where she was found to be hypotensive. Despite intensive resuscitative efforts, she died 12 hours later. A viral culture confirmed influenza A (H1N1) infection.

A 58-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of hepatitis C infection, hepatocellular carcinoma, and recurrent bleeding. Hemophilia had caused multiple hemarthroses, for which he had received blood products since infancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected 8 months before admission; attempts at radiofrequency ablation had been complicated by hemorrhage and the failure to correct coagulation-test results with factor VIII. A surgical procedure was performed.

This interactive Journal feature presents the case of a 63-year-old man with a normal digital rectal examination but a prostate-specific antigen level that has been increasing over a 3-year period. Three possible treatment options, any of which could be considered correct, are presented. At www.nejm.org you can vote for one and then, if you wish, submit a comment about your decision. Voting results and a broad selection of comments will be posted on the Web site.